proprietor-100

共同所有人英文怎么写

ALPINA是一个改装公司

ALPINA Burkard Bovensiepen有限责任公司是位于德国巴伐利亚Buchloe的一个家族式公司，与宝马公司有着长期的合作关系，专门改装生产宝马的豪华性能车。

一下是ALPINA 公司的一些历史 。

不同於AC及Hamann，ALPINA 是位在德国Buchloe，大约是在慕尼黑西南方直接经由 BAB 96号高速公路约 60 公里处，公司大概有140位职员，其中 90% 的员工在汽车部门，10% 则在葡萄酒部门工作。

产量

在1999年年度总产 660 部车辆。

ALPINA 厂徽的故事

在 ALPINA 的厂徽上，左边是两管的进气口，右边则是一支引擎的曲轴。在这厂徽的最初阶段，是一支凸轮轴在这曲轴的位置。而后，出现的外型则是负责动力运转与流畅的曲轴，这是引擎内部的一部分。这说明ALPINA 是一家汽车制造业者, 而且极度重视完美无疪结合的奔跑流畅和动力输出，这厂徽存在直到现在已经超过了25年。

ALPINA 重要记事

1961 Beginnings 。

1961

ALPINA 机构的创始人Rudolf Bovensiepen 博士的儿子，Burkard Bovensiepen开始为新的 BMW 1500 开发伟伯双喉化油器。

1964 Weber Dual Carburettor 。

1964

这引擎所使用的ALPINA 双喉化油器装置的衍生，是经由这位年轻的贸易和工程学学生，在他的父亲的工厂，发现到除了 BMW 或化油器原创者 Paul G所知的另一广泛应用。Hahnemann也证实了这高品质的ALPINA 产品。BMW 的车辆与ALPINA 的技术成为公司的保证。

1965

Burkard Bovensiepen KG 在一月於Kaufbeuren 成立，当时有八位职员。

1967 ALPINA Trademark 。

1967

新设计的图腾伴随著清楚的商标特质与品质，为 ALPINA 赢得名声。

1970 ALPINA Wins 。

1968

ALPINA 参与轿车比赛，并且开始了史无前例的成就。

Pilots Derek Bell, Harald Ertl, James Hunt, Jacky Ickx, Niki Lauda, Brian Muir, and Hans Stuck 出现在 ALPINA 的薪资表上。

1971 Lightweight Coupé BMW 3.0 CS 。

1970

ALPINA 在轿车赛中赢得欧洲杯的比赛，这长程的传统 24-小时耐力赛是在 Spa-Francochamps，赢得这个比赛有如德国的冠军。

1971

ALPINA 说服BMW 必需有部轻量化版本的BMW 3.0CS 来维持在轿车竞赛的竞争力。BMW 决议，委派 ALPINA 为双门 3.0 CSL 轻量化计画的领导者。

ALPINA 参与这跑车经由 BMW 官方正式认可，该20" 吋铝圈是优秀的ALPINA 设计。

1973

Derek Bell, Harald Ertl, Niki Lauda 和Brian Muir 四人成为轿车欧洲杯比赛的 BMW 和ALPINA 标题。

在 Nurburgring, Niki Lauda 利用 BMW ALPINA 轻量化轿跑车在 6小时竞赛中刷新纪录。

石油危机摇动了汽车工业，ALPINA 在没有后援的情况下度过此危机而生还。这不是归因公司的商誉，而是它对市场情况的灵活反应和员工支持著他们的公司。ALPINA 发展出均衡等级的引擎，油耗与动力同时兼顾。

1975

ALPINA 建立德国的代理权制度并经由 BMW 来选择夥伴，瑞士与英国的外销部局也同时打开。

1977 An Initial End to Racing 。

1977

Dieter Quester，在 Jaguar 轿跑车赛非常有名的人，成为 BMW ALPINA 3.5CSL 的赛车手。在结束这成功的季节，ALPINA 在投入比赛十年后退出，转而奉献它的全部精力来创造令人神魂颠倒的道路用车。

ALPINA B6

最大马力 210.0 bhp / 6100 rpm 。

最大扭力 27 kg-m / 5000 rpm 。

百里加速 7.1 sec

极速 230 km/h

1978

ALPINA 在 Lake Garda 发表了完全自行发展的产品，引起世人注意。BMW ALPINA B6 2.8 是一部搭配六缸引擎的 BMW 3 系列，在此同时，BMW的基础模式是仅有搭配四缸引擎。

引擎尺寸较小巧的新用法，一个全新的驾驶体验，BMW ALPINA B7 涡轮增压，取自BMW 5系列的本质，成为当时全世界最快的轿车。最大输出 300bhp，这BMW ALPINA B7 涡轮增压双门轿车建立它自己在马力强大的轿跑车地位。

ALPINA B7 Turbo 。

最大马力 300.0 bhp / 6000 rpm 。

最大扭力 46.2 kg-m / 2500 rpm 。

百里加速 5.8 sec

极速 250 km/h

电脑控制的点火系统引擎，带给 ALPINA 一个新世代的特徵，意味著创新的汽车工艺术。

1979

Burkard Bovensiepen 建立一个新的，如同我们今天所知道的，非常成功事业单位 - ALPINA 葡萄酒的进口。在一个令人深刻印象的极短时间内，事实上已经成为德国顶尖的品牌，使得顾客有如葡萄酒恋人。

另一 ALPINA 支线是开始在日本，为了替这成功的合作关系留下记号，第2000 部 BMW ALPINA 将在西元 2000 年运送到日本。

1981

德国的汽车杂志 'auto motor und sport' 组织了 'Sh#ll-kilometre Marathon'，一个燃料节省的竞赛。3公升汽车尚未讨论，但是，BMW 318i ALPINA 获得胜利，在它的等级中每 100 公里只消耗了 2.672公升的燃油。

1983

ALPINA 在德国联邦汽车注册机构，取得官方认可的汽车制造者资格。

1985

ALPINA 调整它所有的产品规划来应用触媒化引擎。值得特别注意到的事实是，当时一般都是运用陶瓷作为触媒转化器的主体，而 ALPINA 是唯一使用 EMITEC 金属触媒催化器，这是汽车制造业者的先例。过了几年，这样的观念也被实践在其他的高科技交通工具。

1978 Computer Ignition 。

1987 Racing the M3 in Group A 。

1987

国际性的德国房车赛，因为 Burkard Bovensiepen 而有新的规则，引起很多人的注意。

Ellen Lohr, Andy Bovensiepen, Fabian Giroix, Peter Oberndorfer, and Christian Danner 在极端竞争的 BMW ALPINA M3 Group A 等级中赢得多次的胜利。

ALPINA 也做某些较大的带头工作来改变比赛用车的生态，第一次金属触媒转化器部署在 BMW ALPINA M3 Group A 之上，而后这样的东西成为所有德国房车赛用车的配备之一。

1988 An End to Racing 。

1988

由於数量少，这计画被停止。这个决定有利於发展和生产的新BMW ALPINA 汽车。所以ALPINA 在该年终退出比赛。

ALPINA B10 Bi-Turbo 。

最大马力 360.0 bhp / 6000 rpm 。

最大扭力 51.8 kg-m / 4000 rpm 。

百里加速 5.6 sec

极速 289.7 km/h

1989

随著 BMW ALPINA B10 Bi-Turbo (双涡轮增压)，ALPINA 创造另一个高峰。Paul Frere，一位有名的新闻工作者和赛车选手，在 “Road & Track” 杂志写著："对我来说这是一部汽车，我想这是部世界上最好的四门轿车"。

1990

ALPINA 是扩大的，职员增加到120 位，起因於建造新的建筑，广大的建筑物为了管理和生产的应用。

ALPINA B12 E-KAT 。

最大 430.0 bhp / 5400 rpm 。

最大扭力 60 kg-马力m / 4200 rpm 。

百里加速 5.9 sec

极速 291 km/h

1992

如同第一的汽车制造业者 ALPINA 发表电子离合器经理系统，称之为ALPINA SHIFT-TRONIC。无须离合器，展现新的六速变速箱的驾驶体验与能耐。

1993

ALPINA SWITCH-TRONIC 开启更新的跑车化驾驶体验，由於主动式的档位选择可能性，透过 ALPINA 经理系统控制的自排变速箱，说服许多热衷手排的驾驶员，现代化的自动控制价值关联。

一个ALPINA SWITCH-TRONIC 的特点是：档位的变换有如一级方程式的半自动变速箱，换档的控制位於方向盘两侧。

ALPINA 推出 SUPERCAT，一个电力加热的金属触媒转化器，并实际应用在BMW ALPINA B12 5.7 E-KAT 上，如同第一家汽车制造业者量产此系统。

这合作计画是与 BMW 和EMITEC，描绘一个全新的排放控制工艺技术，使得HC，Nox 与 CO 的排放标准比 1996 年的规定还要更低，依据该规定，E-KAT 的排放状况分别降低了 80%。

1999 D10 Bi-Turbo 。

1999

一个新纪元的开始，在日内瓦车展中发表 BMW ALPINA D10 BI-TURBO，这是ALPINA 35年来首部的柴油车种。超级柴油的开发，这世界上最强悍的柴油轿车，是经由 BMW 和 ALPINA 的合作。直到今天，ALPINA 仍持续推出经典的 BMW ALPINA 汽车。

ALPINA 哲学

在奥斯卡金像奖颁奖典礼上，曾经有过这麼样的一句话："我总是要掌握最好的。" 这个引用并不能完全显现我们顾客的态度，但是却也能代表一个特别的生活方式。

因为ALPINA ，一家小但是很好的汽车制造业者，这些顾客给与我们动力来建造少量的汽车给一些行家，这些行家有精致的品味与独特的意念，觉得不需要驾驶显眼的车子来显现他们的生活方式。我们相信这些顾客的选择，构成了ALPINA 成功的理由。

由於他们寻求顶尖工艺技术的嗜好和他们从幻觉之中辨别本质的独特才干，我们的顾客持续对我们鼓励，让我们研发的汽车，也在世界上最好的车辆之列。

因为我们的立场，有许多是在可察觉的本质上，而非只是在外部的外形区别上，所以我们是唯一能从BMW 取得最佳原型设计的工厂。

从一个杰出的品牌、一个最好的、一个最多技术经验的实体。

为了持续的成就，这样的理由让我们获得了唯一的关系建立，ALPINA 与 BMW，这样的关系已经持续超过 35 年。

在理智与情感上的结合，一个巨大的汽车制造业者，在汽车生产过程中高度应用最新的工艺技术，在这个部分我们有一致的思路。

在ALPINA 阿尔宾娜40多年的汽车制造史上，涡轮增压技术一直是它的一个看家法宝。1978年，ALPINA 阿尔宾娜第一次将涡轮增压用到了宝马5系和6系上，今天，ALPINA 阿尔宾娜的最新杰作B3 Bi-turbo继续将涡轮增压技术发挥到极致，同时这也是ALPINA 阿尔宾娜首次将涡轮增压应用到宝马3系列轿车上。

B3在弯道高速行驶时不会产生侧滑。极限范围加大，也使驾驶生手摆脱了那些在红绿灯下起步时，想保持车速跟上其他车型的人常常遇到难题：B3配置了排量提高到3.3升的280马力6缸发动机，其0－10O千米/小时的加速仅用5.5秒。虽然D10双涡轮型（D10 Biturbo）上配置的3升6缸发动机不那么引人注目，但它在同类发动机中遥遥领先。

BiTurbo是双涡轮增压！

和TwinTurbo一个意思，但是德语Bi也是“双”的一种缩写，所以Audi和Mercedes都是写Biturbo而不是TwinTurbo的。

至于单涡轮（普通Turbo）和双涡轮的区别，最直接的说就是涡轮数目不一样。

335i发表之初、确实跌破许多专家的眼镜、所搭载可变涡轮增压技术的3.0升直六涡轮引擎，结合汽油引擎首度搭载直喷技术后，以更佳的燃油效率，创造300hp与41.5kgm的动力输出、令人重新开启对於BMW的审视眼光、也使得这部车立即成为车坛焦点。缸内直喷系统，乃是将喷油嘴置於汽缸内部，其特色在於引擎燃油的取得不需要经过气门的开启，而能够藉由电脑主动控制喷油时间、压力与喷射量，由於缸内直喷不受限於传统机械构造的进气方式，而且能够依照引擎所需随时调整空燃比等特点，让动力输出更胜於传统引擎。

Alpina 重返赛场

B6 GT3

B6 GT3 特征-来自supercharged生产转力矩 390kW (530 hp) 和 725 Nm 的B6 S 4.4公升 V8 ALPINA 引擎。

Aside from serious enthusiasts and obsessive Bimmerphiles, Alpina isn't as recognized today as it was in the past. The BMW ubertuner and specialty marque has a long history in motorsports that includes wins at the 24 Hours of Spa, the 24 hour at the Nurburgring and three European Touring Car Championships. Alpina will attempt to reinvigorate its image and its motorsports heritage when it enters its 6-series-based B6 GT3 in the 2009 FIA European Championship next year, along with running a handful of high-profile endurance races.。

The B6 S is the basis for the B6 GT3, and comes packing a supercharged, 4.4-liter V8 dolling out 530 hp and 535 lb.-ft. of torque. That should make it competitive with the rest of the field, including Aston Martins, Ferraris and Lamborghinis. The B6 GT3 isn't strictly for Alpina's own works team, as it plans to sell race-ready versions to privateer teams and wealthy collectors.。

Alpina's full press release is available after the jump.。

[Source: Alpina via WCF]。

PRESS RELEASE

ALPINA look back on a long and successful history in international motorsport.。

ALPINA look back on a long and successful history in international motorsport. Well-known F1 and Touring Car drivers such as Niki Lauda, Jacky Ickx, Hans Stuck and Dieter Quester gripped an ALPINA steering wheel on their way to winning three European Touring Car Championships. ALPINA pilots also won the Nürburgring 24 Hours numerous times, as well as the 24 Hours of Spa in 1970.。

"We think that the BMW 6 Series – especially with the super-charged, torque-laden 4,4 l V8 ALPINA engine from the B6 S (530 HP, 725 Nm) – provides the ideal basis to challenge pure-bred sportscars such as Ferrari, Lamborghini and Aston Martin within the framework of GT3 regulations", said Andreas Bovensiepen, ALPINA proprietor.。

After 20 years out of racing, ALPINA will field a factory team, running the B6 GT3 in the 2009 FIA GT3 European Championship, our race car based on the BMW ALPINA B6 S road car. ALPINA will field its this team in the FIA GT3 European Championship, as well as racing in selected important endurance races.。

The idea of going racing with street-based dream cars has proven to be a great success for drivers, spectators and manufacturers alike. With this involvement in racing, ALPINA will be able to raise awareness of the ALPINA brand, especially in markets new to ALPINA. With ten distinguished automotive marques, the GT3 Championship is the Crème de la Crème, and with starting grids of 45 cars in the European Championship and multiple national championships, quite compelling. ALPINA see a well-thought-out concept at relatively reasonable cost. With his long racing history, Andreas Bovensiepen sees the benefit racing can bring, and has been the initiator of the new GT3 project from the very beginning.。

Much like in the 1970s, ALPINA will also sell BMW ALPINA B6 GT3 race cars to private parties, collectors and race teams. This motorsport engagement will be ALPINA's fourth business venture. It marks another milestone in ALPINA's strategy of consistent, enduring growth. In addition to the race cars, ALPINA have been manufacturing road-going BMW ALPINA automobiles for over 40 years, and maintain a flourishing business trading in renowned wines from world's finest growing regions. A new engineering centre, absolutely state-of-the-art in terms of its machinery and capabilities, will soon be completed. This will allow ALPINA to more quickly bring its products to market and to offer its engineering services to third parties.。

Alpina Race Team Openings。

So that we may build up our race team and successfully develop the race version of the BMW ALPINA B6 GT3, we're looking for candidates with experience in motorsport. Your commitment and drive for perfection are the basis for future success. We expect a high level of flexibility, including weekends... Interested? Then compete for one of the following positions:。

1.Project Manager。

2.Automotive Race Engineer – Suspension and Aerodynamic Set-Up- Vehicle engineer: drivetrain and engine bay packaging construction。

3.Automotive Engineer – Development, Chassis/Aerodynamic Panels。

4.Automotive Engineer – Development, Drivetrain/Engine Bay Packaging。

5.Race Mechanic, preferably with Lorry driving Licence。

6.Technician, testing equipment and electronics。

7.Purchasing/Logistics/Quality Control Specialist。

不同於其他改装厂，ALPINA这个专事BMW改装的车厂，向来以优雅以及不夸张的低调风格来吸引BMW的爱好者。传承1970年代的光荣，ALPINA曾在当年打造了ALPINA 3.0 CSL参加ETCC(European Touring Car Championship)，并且一举夺得冠军。而此次推出的ALPINA B6 S将重现当年的荣光。

在外观方面，ALPINA对这部BMW 6 Series做了小针美容，首先是对引擎盖方面，对於其散热性做了些许改良，上头的散热孔除了造型美观之外，对於引擎室在高速运转之下的散热性也是助益不少。而全车低调内敛的空力套件让这部B6 S的风阻系数来到了0.32。同时配上了造型优美的20吋轻量化轮圈以及轮胎，悬吊系统则是用上SACHS提供的EDC电子可调式避震器，阻尼可做手动或自动调整。

引擎盖底下是ALPINA特别为B6 S调教的引擎，搭配上机械增压器，B6 S可输出530hp以及100.23kg-m。在变速箱方面可以选择6速ZF手排变速箱或是6速SMG变速箱，0-100km/h需时4.5秒(Cabriolet敞篷版4.8秒)，极速可达318.7km/h(Cabriolet敞篷版313km/h)之谱。当然制动力方面也是不容小觑，B6 S从200km/h-0不用5.5秒便可完成，全靠前374mm/36mm和后370mm/24mm的大尺寸碟盘提供强大制动力。

这样一部GT跑车，将与大家见面，喜爱ALPINA B6 S的人准备好迎接其优雅身影及强大动力。

超跑搭载一台增加了机械增压器的4.4L V8引擎，最大马力510ps5500rpm，最大扭力700Nm4250rpm，0-100km/h加速4.6秒，极速达到315km/h。

国际经济法的一道案例题

共同所有人

joint proprietor；[专利] joint owner更多释义>>。

[网络短语]

共同所有人  co-owner;owner-in-common;joint proprietor。

财产共同所有人  joint tenant。

共同所有人;分权共有人  co-owner。

   

求翻译内容

（1）有理，应支付。（2）可以，只要有明确的受约束的意思表示即可。

“天不想亮”你懂不懂啊？这是英国法判例上大名鼎鼎的薰剂案！

Carlill Vs. Carbolic smoke ball。

The Full decision of the case。

APPEAL from a decision of Hawkins, J.(2)。

The defendants, who were the proprietors and vendors of a medical preparation called "The Carbolic Smoke Ball," inserted in the Pall Mall Gazette of November 13, 1891, and in other newspapers, the following advertisement: "100 reward will be paid by the Carbolic Smoke Ball Company to any person who contracts the increasing epidemic influenza, colds, or any disease caused by taking cold, after having used the ball three times daily for two weeks according to the printed directions supplied with each ball. 1000 is deposited with the Alliance Bank, Regent Street, shewing our sincerity in the matter.。

"During the last epidemic of influenza many thousand carbolic smoke balls were sold as preventives against this disease, and in no ascertained case was the disease contracted by those using the carbolic smoke ball.。

"One carbolic smoke ball will last a family several months, making it the cheapest remedy in the world at the price, 10, post free. The ball can be refilled at a cost of 5 Address, Carbolic Smoke Ball Company, 27, Princes Street, Hanover Square, London."。

The plaintiff, a lady, on the faith of this advertisement, bought one of the balls at a chemist’s, and used it as directed, three times a day, from November 20, 1891, to January 17, 1892, when she was attacked by influenza. Hawkins, J., held that she was entitled to recover the 100 The defendants appealed.。

Finlay, Q.C., and T. Terrell, for the defendants. The facts shew that there was no binding contract between the parties. The case is not like Williams v. Carwardine (4 B. Ad. 621), where the money was to become payable on the performance of certain acts by the plaintiff; here the plaintiff could not by any act of her own establish a claim, for, to establish her right to the money, it was necessary that she should be attacked by influenza - an event over which she had no control. The words express an intention, but do not amount to a promise: Week v. Tibold. 1 Roll. Abr. 6 (M.). The present case is similar to Harris v. Nickerson. Law Rep. 8 Q. B. 286. The advertisement is too vague to be the basis of a contract; there is no limit as to time, and no means of checking the use of the ball. Anyone who had influenza might come forward and depose that he had used the ball for a fortnight, and it would be impossible to disprove it. Guthing v. Lynn 2 B. Ad. 232 supports the view that the terms are too vague to make a contract, there being no limit as to time, a person might claim who took the influenza ten years after using the remedy. There is no consideration moving from the plaintiff: Gerhard v. Bates 2 E. B. 476. The present case differs from Denton v. Great Northern Ry. Co. 5 E. B. 860, for there an overt act was done by the plaintiff on the faith of a statement by the defendants. In order to make a contract by fulfilment of a condition, there must either be a communication of intention to accept the offer, or there must be the performance of some overt act. The mere doing an act in private will not be enough. This principle was laid down by Lord Blackburn in Brogden v. Metropolitan Ry. Co. 2 App. Cas. 666. The terms of the advertisement would enable a person who stole the balls to claim the reward, though his using them was no possible benefit to the defendants. At all events, the advertisement should be held to apply only to persons who bought directly from the defendants. But, if there be a contract at all, it is a wagering contract, as being one where the liability depends on an event beyond the control of the parties, and which is therefore void under 8 9 Vict. c. 109. Or, if not, it is bad under 14 Geo. 3, c. 48, s. 2, as being a policy of insurance on the happening of an uncertain event, and not conforming with the provisions of that section.。

Dickens, Q.C., and W. B. Allen, for the plaintiff. [THE COURT intimated that they required no argument as to the question whether the contract was a wager or a policy of insurance.] The advertisement clearly was an offer by the defendants; it was published that it might be read and acted on, and they cannot be heard to say that it was an empty boast, which they were under no obligation to fulfil. The offer was duly accepted. An advertisement was addressed to all the public - as soon as a person does the act mentioned, there is a contract with him. It is said that there must be a communication of the acceptance; but the language of Lord Blackburn, in Brogden v. Metropolitan Ry. Co. 2 App. Cas. 666, shews that merely doing the acts indicated is an acceptance of the proposal. It never was intended that a person proposing to use the smoke ball should go to the office and obtain a repetition of the statements in the advertisement. The defendants are endeavouring to introduce words into the advertisement to the effect that the use of the preparation must be with their privity or under their superintendence. Where an offer is made to all the world, nothing can be imported beyond the fulfilment of the conditions. Notice before the event cannot be required; the advertisement is an offer made to any person who fulfils the condition, as is explained in Spencer v. Harding Law Rep. 5 C. P. 561. Williams v. Carwardine 4 B. Ad. 621 shews strongly that notice to the person making the offer is not necessary. The promise is to the person who does an act, not to the person who says he is going to do it and then does it. As to notice after the event, it could have no effect, and the present case is within the language of Lord Blackburn in Brogden v. Metropolitan Ry. Co. 2 App. Cas. 666. It is urged that the terms are too vague and uncertain to make a contract; but, as regards parties, there is no more uncertainty than in all other cases of this description. It is said, too, that the promise might apply to a person who stole any one of the balls. But it is clear that only a person who lawfully acquired the preparation could claim the benefit of the advertisement. It is also urged that the terms should be held to apply only to persons who bought directly from the defendants; but that is not the import of the words, and there is no reason for implying such a limitation, an increased sale being a benefit to the defendants, though effected through a middleman, and the use of the balls must be presumed to serve as an advertisement and increase the sale. As to the want of restriction as to time, there are several possible constructions of the terms; they may mean that, after you have used it for a fortnight, you will be safe so long as you go on using it, or that you will be safe during the prevalence of the epidemic. Or the true view may be that a fortnight’s use will make a person safe for a reasonable time.。

Then as to the consideration. In Gerhard v. Bates 2 E. B. 476, Lord Campbell never meant to say that if there was a direct invitation to take shares, and shares were taken on the faith of it, there was no consideration. The decision went on the form of the declaration, which did not state that the contract extended to future holders. The decision that there was no consideration was qualified by the words "as between these parties," the plaintiff not having alleged himself to be a member of the class to whom the promise was made.。

Finlay, Q.C., in reply. There is no binding contract. The money is payable on a person’s taking influenza after having used the ball for a fortnight, and the language would apply just as well to a person who had used it for a fortnight before the advertisement as to a person who used it on the faith of the advertisement. The advertisement is merely an expression of intention to pay 100 to a person who fulfils two conditions; but it is not a request to do anything, and there is no more consideration in using the ball than in contracting the influenza. That a contract should be completed by a private act is against the language of Lord Blackburn in Brogden v. Metropolitan Ry. Co. 2 App. Cas. 692. The use of the ball at home stands on the same level as the writing a letter which is kept in the writer’s drawer. In Denton v. Great Northern Ry. Co. 5 E. B. 860 the fact was ascertained by a public, not a secret act. The respondent relies on Williams v. Carwardine 4 B. Ad. 621, and the other cases of that class; but there a service was done to the advertiser. Here no service to the defendants was requested, for it was no benefit to them that the balls should be used: their interest was only that they should be sold. Those cases also differ from the present in this important particular, that in them the service was one which could only be performed by a limited number of persons, so there was no difficulty in ascertaining with whom the contract was made. It is said the advertisement was not a legal contract, but a promise in honour, which, if the defendants had been approached in a proper way, they would have fulfilled. A request is as necessary in the case of an executed consideration as of an executory one:。

Lampleigh v. Braithwait 1 Sm. L. C. 9th ed. pp. 153, 157, 159; and here there was no request. Then as to the want of limitation as to time, it is conceded that the defendants cannot have meant to contract without some limit, and three limitations have been suggested. The limitation "during the prevalence of the epidemic" is inadmissible, for the advertisement applies to colds as well as influenza. The limitation "during use" is excluded by the language "after having used." The third is, "within a reasonable time," and that is probably what was intended; but it cannot be deduced from the words; so the fair result is that there was no legal contract at all.。

看不懂？我给你大致讲一下。法官是这么说的，虽然说广告是对不特定人提出的，一般情况下属于要约邀请（ITT），但是本案中，被告不仅将悬赏内容写得十分具体，而且已经把1000英镑存进银行，充分显示出它愿意受到该广告内容的约束（to be bound）,所以符合了要约的根本特征，即受约束的意思表示。所以，本案中的广告是一个要约。而原告通过购买并使用薰剂的行为作出了行为承诺。有要约，有承诺，这个合同就成立了。

英美法教材用这个案例来说明，要约不一定要向特定人发出，只要有明确的受约束的意思表示即可。

打字不易，如满意，望采纳。

我急欲知道获得《百万英镑》的英语剧本（高中课本那一段）。有没有那位人兄帮忙指点一下了！在此先谢过了

{我看懂了，这是一个官司，内容大概是如下}。

特里尼达和多巴哥

这项协议是在这的6月中旬签订的，在这一年我们之间的拉梅什和尤德夫先生（东） 673号海湾认为，香格里拉仍然一方和 焦家柳先生（承办）南土地商场，和谐的大厅，在岛内的特利尼达和多巴哥的其他部分。

现在，这个协议如下：

1 。东主在此从事承建商就已完成，他们与众议院计划，他们打算兴建。 （素描其中有一些已经被看到，讨论和商定） 。

2 。成本计划应十万美元（11万美元）应缴纳的进步。

3 。在事件焦家柳先生（承包商）是成功的承办商，建立和树立说，财产的话，十万美元（ 100000.00美元）将退还给他的东主 。

{后面是签名，没什么好翻译的了}。

勃艮第(Burgundy)各葡萄酒产地细解?

进入服装店，店小二，老板上）

我：我马上就要时正式职员了，可不能象现在这样破烂。

（走到一个老板旁边）

我：有没有作的不合适被顾客退回来的服装？（老板用极其轻蔑的眼神看他）

（走到一个店员旁）

店员：等一会儿，马上就来。

（店员挑了一件很小的衣服）

我：请你们照顾一下，我过几天在再付款。我身上没有带零钱。

店员：噢，你没有带零钱？对了，当然，你这样子像带了的？我想象得到，像你这样的绅士身上只会带大票子。

我：朋友，你对外地人不能总是只认衣衫不认人。我完全付的起这套衣服的钱，我只是不想让你因为找不开一长大票子而为难。

店员：我没有伤害人的意思，不过，对于你刚才的指责，我要告诉你，你从下结论说我找不开你身上恰好带的钞票，那你就不必为我们操心了。事情恰恰相反，我们找的开。

我：噢，太好了，我向你们道歉。

（老板过来）

老板：站着干什么？

店员：这位先生等这找钱呢？

老板：那就快找给他呀，你不知道他站在这儿，哪个客户还敢上门来买衣服呀？

店员：你自己看吧！

（动作）

老板：是呀是呀，我是说，哪个人会傻到跟一个绅士站在一起自惭形愧呢？不过，我不在乎了，这份光荣让我忘却了自己跟您站在一起是多么的拙陋了，（指着店员）即使你没有招待这样特大客户的经验，也不能眼花到拿错了这样一件衣服呀！

我：不，我觉得这很好了。

老板：看，再有风度的绅士面对这样不可容忍的错误也是会感到气恼的，您消气，我带你去看，来，快脱下身上这身破烂吧，将他扔进垃圾堆，或者一把火把他烧掉，不，还是留着它，让我供着，一个怀揣百万的富豪曾经穿过它，噢，太荣幸了，让我量量，噢，看看，多好的身材，穿什么衣服都合身，来看看，蝙蝠侠披风，不好？唐僧穿的袈裟？还是…那，恐龙皮制的衬衫？还是要马拉多纳穿过的球衣？都不好？那，那…来看看我们的新品种吧——（拿出一套乞丐装）

（我吓滚了）

老板：噢，原来是这样，虽然您喜欢开玩笑，就像刚才穿着那样来光顾我的小店，看来您要的衣服还是正经场合穿的，看这件伊丽莎白亲手作的衣服，传说世界上曾经只有一个人穿过，我小店把它当传家之宝，看来只有您才能配穿这种档次的衣服，放在我们这儿，也的确糟踏了它了，试试，看，多合身，多象是为您定做的一样，太完美了，想您这样的绅士一定要参加很多的舞会，自然是要穿的体面的，如果这样。我们小店也就跟着荣耀了。

我：可我没有零钱呀！

老板：噢，看您说的，依你的财富，像我们这样的小店，开100都绰绰有余呀！何必把您的珍贵的大脑放在这样的小事上，那完全是我们的罪过了。没有带钱的话那没有关系，就算忘了，也是不要紧的，能看见您这样的绅士，我活了一生也就没有遗憾了。

老板：来，我扶您出去，来，慢走，走好。

用金山快译翻过来就可以了！！！！！！！！！

原文地址：http://www.qianchusai.com/proprietor-100.html