动词不定式可作主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,补语。例句如下:
1、作主语
To clean the classroom is our task this afternoon.。
To finish the work in such a short time seems difficult.。
2.作宾语
Do you mind my sitting here?。
The room needs cleaning.。
3.作表语
Our task this afternoon is to find more information on the Internet.。
My dream is to be a scientist in the future.。
注意:不定式作主语,作表语是都是表明动作是一次性的,将来的。
4.作定语
I have nothing to do.。
--Do you have anything to be done,sir?。
--No,thank you.I had my son do it this morning.。
注意:不定式作定语时要注意主动和被动的区别,如上面两个句子,如不定式的动作是主语所作要用主动式.如不定式的动作不是主语所作要用被动式,如第二个句子。
5.作状语
He came here to see me.。
I'm glad to see you.。
6.作补语
He asked me to help him with his English.。
Our teacher often encouraged.。
1、作主语
不定式结构作主语时,现代英语倾向于采用it作形式主语,而把不定式结构后置的形式。
It’s easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了。
It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。
2、作宾语
在下列动词后用不定式作宾语:
afford、agree、ask、decide、want、expect、hope、fail、happen、help、learn、mean、manage、offer、plan、promise、refuse、wish、forget、remember。
3、作宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点,学习时要注意以下三种情况:
作动词ask, like, tell等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to不可以省略。
He asked me to talk about English study. 他请我谈谈英语学习的问题。
作使役动词let、have、make以及感官动词feel、hear、see、watch等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to要省略。
The teacher made him say the word like this. 老师让他像这样说这个单词。
作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to可以带,也可以不带。
Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box? 你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗?。
4、作定语
不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。
After he finished college, he had a lot of jobs to choose.大学毕业之后,他有许多工作可选。
5、作状语
动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中用作状语。
放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。
He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息。
跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面。
I’m sorry to hear that. 听到这事我感到很难过。
用在too...to...结构中。
He is too young to understand it. 他太年轻,理解不了这件事。
扩展资料
动词不定式的特点:
1、没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。
2、动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语可构成动词不定式短语。
如: to read a book、to sing at the party。
3、动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
带to的不定式结构:
我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want、ask、 tell、hope、 learn、try、decide、forget、remember、like 、 love、 stop、go、come等。
不带to的不定式结构:
1、在固定词组had better之后。
注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth。
例如:You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。
2、在let、make、see、 feel、 watch、 hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
例如:I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。
3、在引导疑问句的why not之后。
“Why not+不带to的不定式”是“Why don’t you do…”的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。
例如: Why not go with us? 为什么不和我们一起去呢?。
Why not take a holiday? =Why don’t you take a holiday? 为什么不休假呢?。
动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。
一、作主语
动词不定式作主语可位于句首。例如:
To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.。
也可使用it作形式主语,而将其置于句末。例如:
It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.。
动词不定式作主语的常用句型有:
1. It is+adj./ n. (+for sb./sth.) + to do sth.。
用于此句型的形容词有:easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。例如:
It is interesting to play this game.。
It is necessary for you to change your job. 。
It was impossible for them to complete the task in such a short time.。
考例1:Is ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (88 MET)。
A. now B. man C. that D. it。
用于此句型的名词有:pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。例如:
What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film. 。
It is good manners for the young to give their seats to the old. 。
2. It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth. 。
该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词,如: kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。例如:
How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue!。
It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house. 。
How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!
3. It takes sb.+some time+to do sth. 。
该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。例如:
It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike. 。
二、作表语
动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构:My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is…及The next step/ measure is …等。例如:
Your job is to type the papers in the office.。
The next measure is to stop the river from being polluted.。
三、作宾语
常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand, arrange等。 例如:They decided to build a highway between these two cities.。
She offered to help me when I was in trouble.。
believe, think, consider, feel, make等动词可用于“动词+ it +adj. / n+to do sth.”句型,其中使用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。例如:
I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work.。
She felt it her duty to help the old woman.。
四、作宾补
可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有:advise, allow, ask, hear, order, see, tell, want, wish, watch等。例如:
The doctor advised her no to eat too much sugar.。
I wish you to go to the meeting with me.。
believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, suppose, think等动词后可接to be型不定式作宾补。例如:
He declared himself to be a college student. 他自称是名大学生。
The police proved him to be a thief. 警察局证实他是小偷。
hope, demand, suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。例如:
【误】I hope my son to be back soon.。
【正】I hope my son will be back soon.。
【误】She suggests us to have a discussion about it.。
【正】She advises us to have a discussion about it.。
【正】She suggests that we (should) have a discussion about it.。
在主动结构中,下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to:“五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)“三使”(make, let, have)“两听”(hear, listen to)“一感觉”(feel)。例如:
Who made him work all night long?。
但是,改为被动结构后,应补出省略的to。例如:
He was seen to break the window.。
五、作定语
动词不定式作定语,应位于所修饰词语之后,即:作后置定语。例如:
Have you got anything to eat? (to eat修饰anything,位于其后)。
下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语:ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, failure, promise, way, wish等。例如:
But she gave up the chance to go abroad.。
由only, first, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后,也常接不定式作定语。例如:
Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night?。
六、作状语
动词不定式作状语,可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例如:
We went there to see our grandparents.(目的)
I am very sorry to hear that.(原因)
She hurried home only to find her father dead.(结果)
To look at the picture, you would like it.(条件)
作目的状语,还可以使用in order to或so as to。例如:
The boy worked so hard in order to make up for the lost time.。
结果状语还可以使用enough to, too…to…, so…as to, such… as to等结构。例如:
He got up too late to miss the early bus.。
She was in such a hurry as not to notice me. 她如此匆忙,以致没有注意到我。
不定式的定义
不定式的全称是“动词不定式”,是一种非限定动词,有不定式符号to家动词原形构成。不定式具有动词的特征,同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。我们说不定式是一种非限定动词是因为它不受到主语的人称和数的限制。虽说不定式有“一般态”“进行态”“完成态”的变化,不过它不受“现在、过去、将来”的时间限制。
我们说不定式具有动词的特征是因为:它可以有自己的宾语,可以受副词的修饰等。
我们说不定式具有名词的特征是因为:它可以作主语和宾语。
我们说不定式具有形容词的特征是因为:它可以作定语。
我们说不定式具有副词的特征是因为:它可以作状语。
不定式的分类
不定式可以分为两种
"带to的不定式"和"不带to的不定式"。
不定式的句法功能
不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语和状语:
1. 不定式作主语
To learn a foreign language is not easy.。
学外语不容易。
Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day?。
有必要在国庆节之前完成这个设计吗?
2. 不定式作宾语
I forgot to turn the oven on.。
我忘记打开炉子。
3. 不定式作宾补
Will you help me plant this tree, please?。
请您帮我种这棵树好吗?
4. 不定式作定语
He has a lot of questions to ask.。
他有许多问题要问。
5. 不定式作表语
Disney’s greatest wish was to be a famous artist.。
迪斯尼最大的愿望就是成为一个著名的艺术家。
6. 不定式作状语
She searched the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big。
rock by the side of the path.。
她搜查了山顶上,然后在路边的一块大石头上停下来休息。
不定式作主语(1)
不定式作主语有以下三种句型:
句型(1) 不定式短语 + 谓语动词。
句型(2) It's + 形容词 + for/of 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语。
句型(3) It's + 名词 + for 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语。
在这一条目中,只讲述句型(1),例外两。