初中英语动词不定式归纳如下:
1、动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如to write)所构成的一种非限定性动词形式,但在有些情况下to可以省略。
动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如上to be writing,to have written),也有被动态(如to be written),所有的主动词,不论是及物动词还是不及物动词,也不论是动作动词还是状态动词,都有不定式形式。助动词除be和have外,没有不定式形式。
动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
2、不定式作宾语有两种:一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式,另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。
3、不定式做表语,一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件);表语也是不定式(表示结果)。另一种情况为主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等名词为中心的短语,或以what引导的名词性从句。
4、to不定式。
在表示感觉意义的动词,如see初中英语语法总结,feel,watch,notice,smell,hear,observe等后,或是表示“致使”意义的动词,如have,let,make等后,动词不定式不带to。
希望做某事hope to do sth. ★决定做某事decide to do sth. ★同意做某事agree to do sth. ★需要某人做某事need to do sth. ★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth ★迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do ★准备做某事get/be ready to do ★尽力/努力做某事try to do sth ★计划做某事plan to do sth. ★不得不have to do ★轮流做某事take one’s turns to do sth. ★拒绝做某事refuse to do sth. ★告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. ★请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth. ★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. ★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth ★想要某人做某事want /would like sb.to do sth. ★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth. . ★喜欢/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth. ★帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do ★encourage sb to do鼓励某人做 ★It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 例句:It your turn to clean the blackboard. ★It’s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了。
常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结。
.固定用法(非谓语动词):以下是带to的动词不定式常见搭配。
★希望做某事hope to do sth. 。
★决定做某事decide to do sth. 。
★同意做某事agree to do sth. 。
★需要某人做某事need to do sth. 。
★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth 。
★迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do。
★准备做某事get/be ready to do 。
★尽力/努力做某事try to do sth 。
★计划做某事plan to do sth. 。
★不得不have to do 。
★轮流做某事take one’s turns to do sth. 。
★拒绝做某事refuse to do sth.。
★告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 。
★请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.。
★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. 。
★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth。
★想要某人做某事want /would like sb.to do sth.。
★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth. .。
★喜欢/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth. 。
★帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do。
★encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做。
★It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 。
例句:It your turn to clean the blackboard.。
★It’s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了 。
例句:It’s time for me to go home.。
★It’s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是……(当adj.是表示性格、品德的形容词时用of)
例句: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so. 。
★ It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某时间 。
例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike. 。
2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night.。
3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work.。
★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能 。
例: He was to angry to say a word.。
★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.发现/认为/感到做某事是…
例: I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well. 。
★序数词+to do 第…..个做某事 。
例句:Who is the first to get there?。
★我不知/忘记了怎么办。I didn't know/forgot what to do.。
★ 离开房间时不要忘记/记住关灯 。
例句:Don’t forget/Remember to turn off the lights when you left the room。
★ be+adj+to do sth 。
例句:1.I am very sorry to hear that.。
2.I am ready to help others. 。
3.I am happy/pleased/glad to meet you.。
顺口溜:本领最多不定式,主表定补宾和状;样样成分都能干,只有谓语它不敢;大家千万要小心,有时它把句型改;作主语时用it,自己在后把身藏;七个感官三使役,宾补要把to甩开;疑问词后接上它,宾语从句可充当;逻辑主语不定式,不定式前加for sb.;to前not是否定,各种用法区别开。
以下是不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形)的常见用法。
★ let sb. do sth让某人做某事 ★ make do sth使得某人做某事 。
★ hear do sth do sth听见某人做某事 ★see do sth do sth看见某人做某事。
★ why not 或why don’t you +动词原形?为什么不….?(表示建议)
例:Why not/Why don’t you take a walk?。
★ 某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事。
★ 情态动词can/may /must /should+ 动词原形(包括情态动词的否定形式+动词原形)
★ 助动词do/does/did/will/would在构成疑问句或者构成否定句即don’t /doesn’t /didn’t /will not /would not+ 动词原形。
★ be going to + 动词原形(表示“即将”“打算” 做某事)
常见动名词、分词的习惯用法总结。
使用-ing分词的几种情况
1.在进行时态中。如: 1.He is watching TV in the room. 。
2.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.。
2.在there be结构中。如:There is a boy swimming in the river.。
3.在have fun/problems结构中。如:We have fun learning English this term.。
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.。
4.在介词后面。如:Thanks for helping me. Are you good at playing basketball?
What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎么样? I am interested in playing football.。
5.在以下结构中。
1. enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事;
2. finish doing sth; 完成做某事;
3. feel like doing sth 想要做某事;
4. stop doing sth 停止做某事(原来的事)
5. forget doing sth 忘记做过某事;
6. go on doing sth 继续做某事(原来的事);
7. remember doing sth 记得做过某事;
8. like doing sth 喜欢做某事;
9. find /see/hear/watch sb doing发现/看到/听到/观看某人做 。
10. try doing sth 试图做某事;
11. need doing sth 需要做某事;
12. prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事;
13. mind doing sth 介意做某事;
14. miss doing sth 错过做某事;
15. practice doing sth 练习做某事;
16. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事;
17. can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事;
18. waste time/money doing 浪费时间/金钱做…; 。
19. keep sb.doing 让…始终/一直做…
20. stop sb.(from)doing 阻止某人做某事。
21. prefer doing B to doing B=like A better than A喜欢做A更喜欢做B。
22. “do some +doing”短语。
如:do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking。
23.“go doing”短语去做某事(主要指文娱活动等)
如:go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing(滑雪/go boating /go hunting (打猎)。
初中动词不定式整理
一、作主语,可以用it代替,it叫形式主语,动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语 。
1.To learn a foreign language is not easy. 。
It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 。
2. It’s dangerous to drive very fast. 。
To drive very fast is dangerous. 。
二、作表语
My idea is to ring him up at once. 我的想法是马上给他打电话。
如果主语部分含实义动词do,且作表语的动词又是“do”的内容,这时表语不定式的“to”可以省略。如:All I did was wait here. 我能做的就是在这里等。
三、常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有:agree(同意), hope(希望), decide(决定), need(需要), mean(打算), wish(希望), fail(失败), want(想要), begin(开始), would like(想要)等。
He has decided to go to the countryside. 他已决心去乡下。
四、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构可以作动词know、think、find out等的宾语。
I don’t know who to ask. 我真不知道该问谁。
五、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”可以作动词show、teach、ask等后面的直接宾语。
She told me where to find the earphone. 她告诉我什么地方可以找到耳机。
六、如果宾语太长,可用it作形式宾语,构成“主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾语不足语(名词或形容词) + to do sth”结构,谓语动词常为find、think、feel等。
I found it difficult to stop him. 我发现拦截他很困难。
七、动词不定式可以作介词的宾语。
Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即将开始。
I’m worrying about what to do next. 我正愁下一步该怎么办。
八、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。
I have a lot of books to read. 我有许多书要读。
此时,如果动词不定式动词为不及物动词,后面的介词绝对不能省略。
We had only a cold room to live in. 我们只有寒室一间。
九、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有主谓关系。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个到,最后一个走。
十、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词之间只有修饰关系。
We have no time to go to town today. 今天我们没有时间去城里。
十一、作状语的动词不定式常表示目的、原因、方向、结果等。
I’m glad to meet you. 见到你,我很高兴。
They ran over to welcome the foreign guests. 他们跑过来欢迎外宾。
十二、不定式复合结构“for sb to do sth”可用作主语、表语、定语、状语等。
It’s for her to decide. 这得由她来决定。(表语)
There are many books for you to read. 这有许多书供你阅读。(定语)
The book is too difficult for children to read. 这本书太难了,孩子们看不懂。(结果状语)
不定式复合结构作主语时,需注意:
It’s + 形容词 + for / of + sb + to do sth. 。
当上面的形容词指的是to do sth的性质时,用介词for。
It’s dangerous for children to swim in the river. 孩子在这条河里游泳很危险。(游泳这件事情危险)
当上面的形容词指的是sb的性质时,用介词of。这些形容词往往修饰人:good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, nice, clever, right, wrong, careful, careless 。
It was careless of you to do that. 你这么做真粗心。(你这个人粗心)
十三、动词hear, see, feel, watch, notice, look at, listen to等后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不能带to, 即常见的形式为: hear sb do sth等 。
Many people like to watch others play games. 许多人喜欢看别人玩游戏. 。
十四、let, make, have后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语, 也不能带to; help后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语, to可有可无 。
She let us meet her at the station, but she didn’t come. 她让我们去车站迎接她,卡她没有来.。
十五、十三和十四这两种情况下的动词不定式在改被动语态句子时,必须将省略的to还原,也就是说,动词后需跟带to的动词不定式. 。
We heard him sing every day. 。
He was heard to sing every day. 那时每天都听到他唱歌. 。
十六、跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词还有: ask, beg, leave, like, love, hate, prefer, order, teach, tell, believe, find, know, want, think, understand, would like等 。
形式为: ask sb to do sth 。
Would you like me to visit him? 要不要我拜访他? 。
I would prefer you not to come tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天不要来. 。
He ask the driver to stop the motobike. 他要那位司机拦下那辆摩托车. 。
十七、区别下列词组的不同含义: 。
①like to do sth 。
like doing sth 。
②stop to do sth 。
stop doing sth 。
③remember to do sth 。
remember doing sth 。
④forget to do sth 。
forget doing sth 。
十八、It takes sb some time to do sth.花费某人一段时间干某事. 。
It took me half an hour to do my homework yesterday.昨天我花了半小时做回家作业. 。
It took Jim an hour and a half to read the book.吉姆花了一个半小时看这本书. 。
It took mother one and a half hours to do the housework.母亲花了一个半小时干家务. 。
用汉字表述上面的句型为:It + take + 人 + 一段时间 + to do sth. 。
一段时间形式往往为像这样的例子:fifteen minutes15分钟,an hour一个小时, two days两天, half a month半个月,a year and a half一年半...等等 。
十九、不定式的特殊句型too…to…
①too…to 太…以至于…
He is too excited to speak. 。
他太激动了,说不出话来。
---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗? 。
---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重,恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。
②如在too前有否定词,则整个句子用否定词表达肯定, too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义,意 为"不太"。
It's never too late to mend. (谚语) 。
改过不嫌晚。
③当too 前面有only, all, but时,意思是:非常… 等于very。
I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。
He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。 二十、不定式的特殊句型Why not 。
"Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议,翻译为:"为什么不……?" "干吗不……?" 。
例如:
Why not take a holiday? 。
干吗不去度假?
21.区别下列词组的不同含义(大家思考完了吗?现在就给您答案吧,对了要知道它们各自的区别哦!) 。
1 stop to do stop doing 。
2 forget to do forget doing 。
3 remember to do remember doing 。
4 try to do try doing 。
5 interested to do interested doing 。
6 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing 。
7 go on to do go on doing 。
8 afraid to do afraid doing 。
9 like to do like doing 。
22. 给大伙练习,以巩固动词的形式 。
根据括号内的动词,用适当的形式填空,空内可能不只填一个词,使句子完整意思正确 。
1. They usually __________ kites on Sundays. (fly) 。
2. Look! The dogs __________ after the cat. (run) 。
3. Miss Gao __________ English in our school since she came here. (teach) 。
4. The class meeting _________ last Wednesday afternoon. (hold) 。
5. You should let him __________ the work by himself. (finish) 。
6. Meimei __________ to wash the old woman’s clothes twice every week. (go) 。
7. Mr Jiang __________ us Chinese last term. (teach) 。
8. My father __________ back from Japan tomorrow. (come) 。
9. It’s seven o’clock now. The Greens __________ breakfast together. (have) 。
10. Jim __________ many Chinese songs since he came to China. (learn) 。
11. Please remember __________ the window when you leave the room. (close) 。
12. After school some students began to do some __________ in the classroom. (clean) 。
13. English __________ widely in the whole world today. (speak) 。
answer 初中动词不定式整理 。
1\fly 2\are running 3\has tought 4\was held 。
5\finish 6\goes 7\tought 8\will come 。
9\are having 10\has learnt 11\to close 。
12\cleaning 13\is spoken。