arthrogryposis
刘耀文的大沙雕
钟意阿满
牛阿卡斑病综述
arthrogryposis [,ɑ:θrəuɡri'pəusis] 基本释义 n. [外科] 关节弯曲。
[复数arthrogryposes ]。
[外科] 关节弯曲
arthroedema 关节水肿 arthrogryposis 关节弯曲 arthrolithiasis 痛风，关节石病 ...。
抱起亚轩找小葵
insufficiency 和 deficiency 解释为金钱不足时用哪个？为什么？
赤羽病（Akabane disease）又名阿卡斑病，是由赤羽病病毒（Akabane disease，简称ADV）引起牛羊的一种多型性传染病，以流产、早产、死胎、胎儿畸形、木乃伊胎、新生胎儿发生关节弯曲和积水性无脑综合症（简称AH综合症）为特征。
一、病原：
赤羽病病毒恪地布尼病毒科，布尼病毒属，辛波病毒群。病毒表面的糖蛋白突起不明显。不耐热，对乙醚、氯仿、酸（PH3）敏感。不能过过50nm滤膜。病毒含有负链单股RNA，并含有3个核衣壳。核衣壳由大量的核衣壳蛋白和少量的大蛋白分别包裹大、中、小3种RNA而成。分子量300-400×106，沉淀系数350-475S，密度（CsCl）1.2g/mLd。在高浓度Nacl和pH6.1条件下，可凝集鸽、鸭和鹅的红细胞，但不能凝集人、羊、牛、豚鼠及1日龄的雏鸡的红细胞。
本病毒为嗜神经性病毒，乳鼠对该病毒易感性最高，接种后出现神经病变。在迄今分离到赤心病病毒株中，尚未发现有不同血清型的存在。
二、流行病学：
本病可引起多种动物感染，除耕牛、乳牛和肉牛易感外，日本、澳大利亚等国还从马、羊、猪、驼和猴等动物体内分离出ADV。因为本病主要通过吸血昆虫传播，故有明显的季节性和地区性。尽管本病的发生具有季节性和地区性，但同一头母牛连续两年产异常胎儿的几乎没有。在同一地区连续两年发生的极少，即使发生头数也很少。
三、临床症状和病理变化：
1.临床症状。动物感染后，一般不表现体温反应和临床病状。孕牛偶而可见由羊水过多而引起腹部膨大。特征性表现是妊娠牛异常分娩，多发生于怀孕7个月以上或接近妊娠期满的牛。感染初期胎龄越大的胎儿早产发生的越多。中期因体形异常如胎儿关节、脊柱弯曲等而发生难产。即使顺产，新生犊也不能站立。后期多产出无生活能力的犊牛或瞎眼的犊牛。绵羊在怀孕1-2个月内感染本病毒后，可产生畸形羊羔，如关节弯曲、脊柱S状弯曲等。
2.病理变化。因被感染动物一般不表现临床症状，所以亦无明病理变化。
病理组织学变化以流行初期胎儿的非化脓性脑脊髓炎特征，可见脑血管周围淋巴样细胞聚集，神经细胞变性以及出现多数神经胶质细胞聚集的嗜神经现象。流行中期的异常胎儿表现为脊髓复角神经细胞显著变性、消失；肌纤维变性、变细、体积缩小或断裂、纤维间质增宽变疏，间质脂肪组织增生并见出血和水肿，此种变化称为萎缩性肌肉发育不良。流行后期的异常胎儿可见中枢神经系统出现囊腔及血管壁增存，尤其脑室积水表现突出。
四、诊断：
由于各种理化因素，如寒冷、长途运输、饲喂不当及许多疾病，如布氏杆菌病、李氏杆菌病、支原体、细小病毒病、牛传染性鼻气管炎病、蓝舌病、牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病、症状及病理变化等以上特下来进行初步诊断，必要时进行实验室诊断。
1.病原检查。
（1）直接镜检：取病畜的血、肺、肝和脾及胎儿、胎盘和脑组织等制成超薄切片负染，在电镜下发现病毒并观察其形态特征，病毒颗粒呈球形，其直径为90-1000nm，有囊膜。
（2）分离病毒：分离病毒是最好的确诊方法，通常从流产的胎儿和死胎中分离病毒。将胎儿的各处中病料，特别是脑、脑室液、脊髓、肌肉、胎盘及肺、肝、脾等混合病料接种于乳鼠脑内或Hmlu-1、Vero和HK-21等细胞，一般都易得到病毒。另外，也可将病料接种于7-9日龄鸡胚卵黄囊，如果有病毒存在，则能致使鸡胚发生积水头症、大脑缺损、发育不全和关节弯曲等异常胎儿体态。此时，可从鸡胚中分离到病毒。
2.血清学诊断。
（1）中和试验：未哺初乳的初畜、胎儿血清和康复动物的血清中存在能中和本病毒的抗体。中和试验可在小鼠或鸡胚中进行，将已知的本病毒与可疑为本病的动物血清混合，脑内接种1-2日龄小鼠或卵黄囊内接种7-9日龄鸡胚。中和试验也可在Hmlu-1、Vero和BHK-21细胞上进行。
（2）琼脂凝胶扩散沉淀（AGDP）试验：对于野外大量的血清样品进行ADV抗体检测是一种快速的检测方法。ADV的AGDP抗原能够检出Aino、Tinaroo和Peaton病毒抗体，该方法的敏感生不如中和试验，并且检测的抗体有抗其它辛波群病毒的抗体。
（3）补体结合反应：主要用于辛波病毒群之间关系比较，而且是用于布尼亚病毒群血清学亚群的主要试验。可用常规的补体结合试验来检测病毒的特异补体结合抗体。
（4）血凝抑制试验：由于本病毒能够凝集鸽、鸭、鹅的红细胞，而这种凝集反应可被被感染的动物血清抑制，所以我们可用怀疑为感染本病的动物血清进行血凝抑制试验。试验可按常规的试验方法进行。
五、防治：
由于本病主要由吸血昆虫引起，因此，消灭畜舍内的蚊子、库蠓等吸血昆虫对本病有一定预防效果。最可靠的预防方法是：在流行期之前对妊娠家畜及预定配种的家畜进行赤羽病疫苗接种，可得到充分的免疫力。目前所用疫苗有灭活苗和活苗两种，活苗为30℃下，在HmLU-1细胞上致弱的弱毒疫苗。Kurogi等（1977）将OBE1株赤羽病病毒接种HmLU-1细胞，吸附90min后加入维持液，继续培养，当其出现明显细胞病变时，收集细胞培养液，3000r/min离心10min后，取上清液应用或置于8℃低温保存备用。制苗时加入0.1%福儿马林，感作24h，使其完全灭活。最后加入氢氧化铝胶作为佐剂。给牛注射两次，间隔4周每次3mL，具有良好的保护作用。犊牛和妊娠羊在如上接种以后，用强毒进行攻击，不发生病毒血症和胎儿感染。现在对该病尚无有效的治疗方法。
（编号：2001-5-1-508）
大圣杰锅是
谁能帮我翻译成英文，急用，谢谢
我觉得没有很大差别
你可以加上形容词financial或者economic在前面,名词随便用哪个.应该是没有这么微妙的差别的。
找到一个insufficiency用于金钱方面的例句,但是也不能就完全说明只能用insufficiency。
Confronted with the key problem of the retailer capital insufficiency, the credit of retailing should be strengthened, and the commercial credit financing system development should be emphasized.。
针对零售商资金不足这一关键性问题，提出应加大对零售商业的信贷力度，重视发展商业信用融资制度。
看了更多的例句,可能deficiency不太好。
因为它侧重于"损失、缺陷"之意。
把我查到的例句给你分享吧
1. Find insufficiency in company's current business process and provide improvement advice.。
找到公司目前业务流程的缺陷,并提供改进建议.。
2. The baby had thin, tightly adherent skin that causes arthrogryposis and respiratory insufficiency.。
患婴有著薄，紧贴的皮肤，造成关节脔缩及呼吸不全。
3. This paper introduces professor Zhou Duan's clinical experience in treating chronic cardiac insufficiency.。
摘要介绍周端教授治疗慢性心功能不全的临证经验。
4. An assessment using a hand held Doppler can be useful to detect whether there is peripheral vascular insufficiency.。
手提式多普勒仪器有助于发现是否存在外周血管供应不足。
5. Nevertheless, it's necessary to discuss further the cause and definition because of insufficiency of earthquake examples.。
但由于震例较少，其确定性和成因还需进一步探讨。
6. It is suggested that this distinct condition can be labeled as "primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) developing after TBI".。
此特定病况或可称之为「脑外伤并发原发性肾上腺功能不全」。
7. Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) is the most frequent systemic disorder associated with auricular calcification.。
而在引起耳壳钙化的全身性疾病中，原发性肾上腺低能症（爱迪森氏症）是最常见的原因。
8. An alternative classification emphasizes etiology: regurgitant murmurs from semilunar insufficiency versus ventricular filling murmurs.。
另一种分类则着重于其病因：由半月瓣闭锁不全所致的回流性杂音对心室充盈性杂音。
9. To some extent the coup was related both to the crisis of legitimacy of Thaksin government and to the insufficiency of democracy of Thailand.。
这次政变的爆发，与他信政府在利益、道德等方面发生一定程度的合法性危机有关，也与泰国民主发展不完善，即民主的尴尬有关。
10. Twenty-eight children with normal adrenocortical function and two patients with adrenocortical insufficiency were enrolled in the present study.。
摘要本研究共收集28位正常儿童及2位肾上腺机能不全的患童接受肾上皮促素试验。
1. I have a slight calcium deficiency.。
我有点缺钙。
2. The deficiency of this plan is very clear and it can't possibly succeed.。
这项计划的缺陷是很明显的，它不可能成功。
3. Iron deficiency is the only risk.。
唯一的危险是缺铁。
4. Thus, iron deficiency anemia is common.。
因此缺铁性贫血就较为常见。
5. You have a quality deficiency issue, correct?。
你有品质瑕疵方面的问题，是吧！
6. WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF IRON-DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA?。
缺铁性贫血的症状是什么？
7. Many poor children suffer from a deficiency of food.。
许多贫穷的小孩遭受食物不足的苦痛。
8. AIDS is an acronym for"Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.。
艾滋病的全称是"获得性免疫缺损综合征"。
9. It could treat deficiency of the kidney and osteoarthrosis.。
用于肾虚性疾病、骨关节病。
10. Zinc deficiency: what are the most appropriate interventions?。
锌缺乏症:最适当的干预措施是什么?。
小韩在追星
用哪个？？？为什么？？？
Cactus in the treatment of cancer and cancer (1) of esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, cardiac cancer. � colorectal cancer very early on our books useful cactus medical treatment "vomit food clamed down" (meaning modern equivalent of gastric cancer. cardiac cancer) records. Cacti 15 grams, 15 grams Xiangfu, Galangin 4 grams Shichangpu 4 grams, 15 grams of yam, 15 grams of plastids. Citrus 9 grams, 15 grams Senator, 3 grams of licorice. On the 1st one agent for gastric stomach Zuotong Taeatment, used in conjunction with 5-10 agent. 60 grams cactus roots, wash and slice; 150 grams of pork, cut into small pieces or strips to wash, and with cactus films into Inquisitor. adequate water, the first to fire only, plus cooking wine, Congmo, In these, salt and other spices, and simmer Dunzhi pork cooked in a small fire, adding a dash of pepper, MSG and foremost. When the dishes of table, with the amount of time to drink a lot of soup to eat pork, eaten the same day, once every other day to take. Soa has analgesic, anti-cancer effects detoxification. Apply to cases of gastric cancer pain, nausea persons. Cactus 100 grams, wash, cut into small pieces wok, add water suitable thick fried two times, each time for 30 minutes, to Java Extracting and foremost. Wen service sooner or later the 2nd row for one drink on one course. Qingrejiedu there, Jiangni anti-cancer effects, in gastric cancer, cardiac cancer appetite. Appropri cactus 200 grams, wash, chopped; 150 grams of fresh water chestnuts, wash, shell shredding and cactus into pieces with the machine Jiazhi, squeezing juice collected acidic honey 20 g, and 0.72% respectively and foremost. Service at 2 pm each day, take a long time, the plot Qingrexiaoe, detoxification anti-cancer effects. Applicable to esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and lung and appetite. � 2 Cactus 60 grams, stabbed, cleaned, chopped into paste; Japonica rice, 100 grams of Amoy net after wok, adequate water, we cook any thick porridge. Mi paste into porridge joined cactus, heat 1-2 minutes, and 0.72% respectively and foremost. 2 hours, morning and evening service, regular use, spleen stomach, protective anti-cancer effects. Applicable to esophageal cancer, cardiac cancer, gastric cancer patients after radiotherapy and chemotherapy during the anti-cancer health medicinal food. � 3. Cactus 20 grams, clean, slice, and 10 grams of green tea with the wok, add 2 Boiling Water appropriate times, each time for 15 minutes, Extracting to Java. 2nd sooner or later, when serving tea to drink with the volume, Qingrejiedu. Anti-cancer effect. Simmer esophagus, stomach, intestine cancer, as well as preventing high blood cholesterol and atherosclerosis, such as obesity. � 2. ** � cactus RCC 10 grams, 10 grams aescinate spent a CSC 10 grams, 30 grams 白. Prunella 30 grams, 30 grams half support Lin, Shi see wearing 15 grams, 30 grams Pecan branches, two of three red eggs. Capsule daily dose. Remove eggs, and the other food. Have a bed-ridden patients with renal cell carcinoma, a critical condition, unable to eat, kidney area back pain became intolerable and weighing 51 kg, swelling edema. After using cacti 白 other combination treatment for 2 months, the symptoms improved, eating one day to 0.6 kg, weight 12 kg. Medication for three months after the day to go to work. One year and eight months, to 77.5 kg weight. July 21, 1988 Fourth People's Hospital of Dalian, a careful examination of cancer was reduced. � 3. ** Breast cancer � take appropriate been smashed into Muddy cactus, topical coating thickness of 0.8 cm above gauze. a 12-hour medication. Orange found on the surface of breast cancer patients for the disease, infection, the skin was not broken. � 4. ** Cervical � cactus, pomegranate the acid Divide each smash. Serving cactus first 10 days, then 10 days serving pomegranate acid, so take the turn. Daily random Clothes. If you are weak, it could still eat each day 2-inch umbilical cord or powder 20 grams. � 5. ** Peritoneal metastasis of colon cancer � cacti Pericarpium Arecae, rhubarb, Zhu Ling, the whole parasite, ESW, small fennel. Aescin a flower Ezhu, Myrrh, the 10 grams of ginseng, Senator, 白 half supporting Lotus, astragalus, pecans branches. Seaweed 30 grams, five grams of toad skin, borneol 1 g, two of three red eggs. Capsule daily dose Oral or manufactured powder. Remove the eggs another service. � a peritoneal metastasis of colon cancer patients by using cacti 白, ginseng compound for four months. transfer of tumor shrinkage, institutional strengthening and weight patients, the situation has markedly improved, continue to adhere to treatment, patients have been able to ride bicycles do light work, one and a half years, has the whole day to go to work. � 6. ** NPC �-Lotus (cactus Jiangzhi concretions), 6 grams, 15 grams Oufen, Pall sauce. Oral adding some sugar or honey, as long as one or two for the nasopharynx and other head and neck cancer after radiotherapy thermal reaction thirsty, temporoparietal arthrogryposis, appetite difficulties. � 。
下次我也不干了
小韩在追星
我觉得没有很大差别
你可以加上形容词financial或者economic在前面,名词随便用哪个.应该是没有这么微妙的差别的。
找到一个insufficiency用于金钱方面的例句,但是也不能就完全说明只能用insufficiency。
Confronted with the key problem of the retailer capital insufficiency, the credit of retailing should be strengthened, and the commercial credit financing system development should be emphasized.。
针对零售商资金不足这一关键性问题，提出应加大对零售商业的信贷力度，重视发展商业信用融资制度。
看了更多的例句,可能deficiency不太好。
因为它侧重于"损失、缺陷"之意。
把我查到的例句给你分享吧
1. Find insufficiency in company's current business process and provide improvement advice.。
找到公司目前业务流程的缺陷,并提供改进建议.。
2. The baby had thin, tightly adherent skin that causes arthrogryposis and respiratory insufficiency.。
患婴有著薄，紧贴的皮肤，造成关节脔缩及呼吸不全。
3. This paper introduces professor Zhou Duan's clinical experience in treating chronic cardiac insufficiency.。
摘要介绍周端教授治疗慢性心功能不全的临证经验。
4. An assessment using a hand held Doppler can be useful to detect whether there is peripheral vascular insufficiency.。
手提式多普勒仪器有助于发现是否存在外周血管供应不足。
5. Nevertheless, it's necessary to discuss further the cause and definition because of insufficiency of earthquake examples.。
但由于震例较少，其确定性和成因还需进一步探讨。
6. It is suggested that this distinct condition can be labeled as "primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) developing after TBI".。
此特定病况或可称之为「脑外伤并发原发性肾上腺功能不全」。
7. Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) is the most frequent systemic disorder associated with auricular calcification.。
而在引起耳壳钙化的全身性疾病中，原发性肾上腺低能症（爱迪森氏症）是最常见的原因。
8. An alternative classification emphasizes etiology: regurgitant murmurs from semilunar insufficiency versus ventricular filling murmurs.。
另一种分类则着重于其病因：由半月瓣闭锁不全所致的回流性杂音对心室充盈性杂音。
9. To some extent the coup was related both to the crisis of legitimacy of Thaksin government and to the insufficiency of democracy of Thailand.。
这次政变的爆发，与他信政府在利益、道德等方面发生一定程度的合法性危机有关，也与泰国民主发展不完善，即民主的尴尬有关。
10. Twenty-eight children with normal adrenocortical function and two patients with adrenocortical insufficiency were enrolled in the present study.。
摘要本研究共收集28位正常儿童及2位肾上腺机能不全的患童接受肾上皮促素试验。
1. I have a slight calcium deficiency.。
我有点缺钙。
2. The deficiency of this plan is very clear and it can't possibly succeed.。
这项计划的缺陷是很明显的，它不可能成功。
3. Iron deficiency is the only risk.。
唯一的危险是缺铁。
4. Thus, iron deficiency anemia is common.。
因此缺铁性贫血就较为常见。
5. You have a quality deficiency issue, correct?。
你有品质瑕疵方面的问题，是吧！
6. WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF IRON-DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA?。
缺铁性贫血的症状是什么？
7. Many poor children suffer from a deficiency of food.。
许多贫穷的小孩遭受食物不足的苦痛。
8. AIDS is an acronym for"Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.。
艾滋病的全称是"获得性免疫缺损综合征"。
9. It could treat deficiency of the kidney and osteoarthrosis.。
用于肾虚性疾病、骨关节病。
10. Zinc deficiency: what are the most appropriate interventions?。
锌缺乏症:最适当的干预措施是什么?。