firmer-60
刘耀文的大沙雕
钟意阿满
维修工具的英语翻译
黑暗之外beyond the darkness 。
异形再现Return of the Aliens: The Deadly Spawn。
禁域魔怪 Creepozoids。
冰冻惊魂 The Chilling。
野兽之夜 La noche de la bestia。
无路可逃 There's Nothing Out There。
兴节目 Sideshow
墓地惊魂MAUSOLEUM
章鱼人 Octaman
不可思议的融化人 The Incredible Melting Man。
魔精 Critters
活死人之城 City of the Living Dead。
夜半鬼追人 The House by the Cemetery。
生人回避 Zombi 2
纽约杀人狂 Squartatore di New York, Lo。
别动酷刑 Don't Torture a Duckling。
红海魔影 Shark: Rosso nell'oceano。
疯狗 Cani arrabbiati。
猛鬼翻生 Demoni 2
血宴2 Blood Feast 2: All U Can Eat。
寄生魔种 Parasite
大头鬼 Head of the Family。
万鬼惊魂 Spookies
垃圾街 Street Trash。
芝加哥打鬼 The Return of the Living Dead。
要是楼主看了以上这些电影，身理上没有“感触”的话，我就没话可speak了啦，这些都是我珍藏的稀有血浆cult实验电影，70，80年代珍品啊，还有一些英文电影自己去找吧，小弟我保证绝对classic!!。
1. Braindead
2. August Underground's MORDUM 。
3. Cannibal Holocaust 。
4. Men Behind the Sun 。
5. Tumbling Doll of Flesh 。
6. Flowers of Flesh and Blood 。
7. Snuff 102
8. August Underground's Penance 。
9. Shogun's Sadism 。
10. The Gateway Meat 。
11. August Underground 。
12. Cannibal (2005) 。
13. Slaughtered Vomit Dolls 。
14. Premutos: Lord of the Living Dead 。
15. Subconscious Cruelty 。
16. Faces of Death 。
17. Salo: 120 Days of Sodom 。
18. Yakuza's Law 。
19. Ostermontag 。
20. Black Past 。
21. NIN: Broken 。
22. Mermaid in a Manhole 。
23. Mutation 2 。
24. The Burning Moon 。
25. Torched
26. Irreversible 。
27. Laboratory of the Devil 。
28. Blood Feast 2 。
29. Beyond the Limits 。
30. Imprint
31. Nekromantik 2 。
32. Black Sun: The Nanking Massacre 。
33. Faces of Death 4 。
34. Bone Sickness 。
35. Violent Shit 。
36. Cannibal Ferox 。
37. A l'interieur (Inside) 。
38. Aftermath
39. Blood of the Beasts 。
40. Bad Taste
41. Riki-O: The Story of Ricki 。
42. Das Komabrutale Duell 。
43. Ichi The Killer 。
44. Chain Reaction 。
45. Buio Omega 。
46. Splatter: Naked Blood 。
47. Woman's Flesh (Hungry Mouth) 。
48. Suicide Dolls 。
49. Lost Paradise (1990) 。
50. Bijo Kenshi Futari - Seppuku 。
51. Shiro Shozoku - Harakiri 。
52. Jogakusei: Harakiri 。
53. Onna Harakiri - Sangre 。
54. Onna Harakiri: Seisan 。
55. Faces of Death 2 。
56. Murder Set Pieces 。
57. Mu Zan E
58. I Spit on Your Corpse, I Piss on Your Grave 。
59. Faces of Death 3 。
60. Poultrygeist 。
61. Garden of Love 。
62. They Don't Cut The Grass Anymore 。
63. Blood Sucking Freaks 。
64. Bagman Professional Murder 。
65. Red Account: My Bloody Angel 。
66. Rigor Mortis 。
67. Joy of Torture 。
68. Dumplings
69. He Never Dies 。
70. Pelts
71. Bloodrayne 。
72. Kill Bill: The Whole Bloody Affair 。
73. 100 Tears
74. Ilsa, She Wolf of the SS 。
75. Jungle Holocaust 。
76. Inner Depravity 。
77. Nekromantik 。
78. Devil's Experiment 。
79. Rambo 4
80. Planet Terror 。
81. Cut and Run 。
82. Hatchet
83. Inner Depravity 2 。
84. All Night Long 4 。
85. Blood Sisters 。
86. Untold Story 。
87. Audition
88. Rampo Noir's Imomushi 。
89. All Night Long 2 。
90. Nightmare in a Damaged Brain 。
91. Deuteronomium 。
92. Cradle of Fear 。
93. Schramm
94. Blood Feast 。
95. Intruder
96. Dr. Lamb
97. All Night Long 3 。
98. Red Room
99. The Torturer 。
100. Nekro
101. Day of the Dead 。
102. Haute Tension 。
103. From Dusk Till Dawn 。
104. Man Bites Dog 。
105. Scrapbook 。
106. The Girl Next Door 。
107. Suicide Club 。
108. Kichiku
109. Angel of Death 。
110. My Sweet Satan 。
111. Nails
112. Lolita Vibrator Torture 。
113. Schizophreniac: The Whore Mangler 。
114. Centipede Horror 。
115. Hellraiser 2 。
116. Hellraiser 。
117. Long Island Cannibal Massacre 。
118. In Her Skin 。
119. Horrible High Heels 。
120. Red To Kill 。
121. Rubber's Lover 。
122. The Wizard of Gore 。
123. Re-Animator 。
124. I Spit On Your Grave 。
125. Cutting Moments 。
126. A Cat in the Brain 。
127. Zombie Holocaust 。
128. The Redsin Tower 。
129. Anthropophagous 2000 。
130. Inferno of Torture 。
131. Terror Firmer 。
132. Absurd
http://1.1ddxx.com/allmovie.html 。
133. Anthropophagous: The Beast 。
134. Maniac
135. Live Feed 。
136. Red Room 2 。
137. Tears of Kali 。
138. Broken
139. Street Trash 。
140. The Evil Dead 。
141. Citizen Toxie 。
142. Boy Eats Girl 。
143. Biotherapy 。
144. Demons
145. Rape! 13th Hour 。
146. Gag
147. Zombie Bloodbath 。
148. Two Thousand Maniacs 。
149. Goblet of Gore 。
150. The Gruesome Twosome 。
151. Evil: To Kako 。
152. Chinese Torture Chamber Story 。
153. Battle Royale 。
154. All Night Long 5 。
155. Braveheart 。
156. Starship Troopers 。
157. Android of Notre Dame 。
158. Zombie Bloodbath 2: Rage Of The Undead 。
159. 2001 Maniacs 。
160. Ice From The Sun 。
161. The Janitor 。
162. The Burning 。
163. Stethoscope 。
164. Combat Shock 。
165. Sleepy Hollow 。
166. King of the Ants 。
167. Lethal Force 。
168. Daughter of Darkness 。
169. The Prowler 。
170. The Mutilator 。
171. Blood Diner 。
172. Jigoku
173. Lucky Sky Diamond 。
174. Bordello of Blood 。
175. The Deadly Spawn 。
176. Darkness: The Vampire Version 。
177. Undead
178. Killing Spree 。
179. Pieces
180. The Descent 。
181. Oriental Black Magic 。
182. Stacy
183. Eat The Schoolgirl 。
184. Assualt! Jack The Ripper 。
185. Shogun Assassin 。
186. Video Violence 2 。
187. Angel of Death 2 。
188. City of the Living Dead 。
189. Daughter of Darkness 2 。
190. Dog Soldiers 。
191. Dagon
192. Frontiere(s) 。
193. Art of the Devil 2 。
194. Zombi 2
195. The Beyond 。
196. Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 。
197. Saving Private Ryan 。
198. The Passion of the Christ 。
199. Dawn of the Dead (original) 。
200. Land of the Dead 。
201. Evil Aliens 。
202. Cemetary Man 。
203. Wrong Turn 2 。
204. Robocop
205. Cigarette Burns 。
206. New York Ripper 。
207. Wife to be Sacrificed 。
208. Bread and Circus 。
209. Videodrome 。
210. Organ
211. Ebola Syndrome 。
212. We're Going to Eat You 。
213. I Drink Your Blood 。
214. Mutilation Man 。
215. Tenebre
216. Baby Blood 。
217. Baise Moi 。
218. Pig
219. Guts of a Virgin 2 。
220. Barricade 。
221. Sleepless 。
222. Hell of The Living Dead 。
223. Flesheater 。
224. At Dawn They Sleep 。
225. Video Violence 。
226. Girl and the Wooden Horse Torture 。
227. Last House on Dead End Street 。
228. Autopsy
229. Splatter Farm 。
230. The Hills Have Eyes (remake) 。
231. Silent Hill 。
232. I Stand Alone 。
233. Starship Troopers 2 。
234. Zombie '90: Extreme Pestilence 。
235. Izo
236. 30 Days of Night 。
237. Devil Doctor Woman 。
238. Entrails of a Beautiful Woman 。
239. Redneck Zombies 。
240. Snuff
241. Deadbeat At Dawn 。
242. Cube Zero 。
243. Cube
244. The Devil's Rejects 。
245. Saw 3
246. Last House on the Left 。
247. SS Hell Camp 。
248. The Driller Killer 。
249. Island of Death 。
250. Zombie Bloodbath 3: Zombie Armageddon 。
251. Slaughter Disc 。
252. Seeding of a Ghost 。
253. Body Melt 。
254. Uzumaki
255. The Wild Bunch 。
256. Hostel 2
257. Saw 4
258. Sweeny Todd 。
259. Hostel
260. Torso
261. Funny Games 。
262. Suspiria
263. Captivity 。
264. Snuff Movie 。
265. Mother's Day 。
266. House at the Edge of the Park 。
267. Record
268. The Necro Files 2 。
269. Living Hell 。
270. Nutbag
271. Guts of a Virgin 。
272. The Necro Files 。
273. Macabro
274. From Beyond 。
275. All Night Long 。
276. Castlefreak 。
277. Microwave Massacre 。
278. Squirmfest 。
包楼主大开眼福啊
抱起亚轩找小葵
急求一篇英语作文（1000字左右）
一画
一字螺丝批 slot type screwdriver 。
一点透视 one-point perspective 。
二画
二合一黏合剂 epoxy resin adhesive 。
二合胶；混合胶 epoxy glue 。
二维的；平面的 two-dimensional 。
二进制 binary
二极管；整流子 diode
二号螺丝攻 second tap 。
二路开关 two-way switch 。
十进制的；公制的 metric 。
人工制品 artefact
人造板 man-made board 。
人体工程学 ergonomics; human engineering 。
人体尺寸 human dimension 。
人体测量学 anthropometry; anthropometrics 。
刀片 blade
刀身 blade
刀具 tool
刀具溜座 carriage
刀柱 tool post
刀架 tool rest
刀架底座 tool rest bracket 。
刀座帷；床鞍 apron
刀座鞍；溜板座 saddle 。
力 force
力三角形 triangle of force 。
力平行四边形 parallelogram of force 。
力多边形；多边形力学 polygon of force 。
力的分解 force resolution 。
力架；亮漆 lacquer
力矩 moment
力偶 couple
力矩定律 law of moment 。
力-距离图表 force-distance graph 。
力图 force diagram 。
力线 line of force 。
力点 effort
十字榫 cross halving joint 。
十字螺丝 Philip's head screw 。
十字螺丝批 Philip's type screwdriver 。
丁字尺；T 尺 tee square 。
三画
三爪夹头 three-jaw chuck 。
三角尺 set square 。
三角形结构系杆 triangulation tie 。
三角锉 triangular file 。
三维的；立体的 three-dimensional 。
三氯甲烷；哥罗芳 chloroform 。
三聚氰胺；蜜胺 melamine 。
三点透视 three-point perspective 。
上油漆 painting
上釉 enamelling
凡立水 varnish
叉形顶尖 fork centre 。
口罩 mask
士力；虫漆 shellac
士巴拿；扳手 spanner 。
大芯夹板；宽条芯夹板 blockboard; solid corestock-laminated board 。
大量制造 mass production 。
子口刨；槽口刨；边刨 rebate plane 。
小型平槽刨 miniature router plane 。
小型线料弯曲器 small wire bender 。
小型弯折机 mini bender 。
小型电路断路器；跳菲 miniature circuit breaker (MCB) 。
小齿轮 pinion
山樟 San Cheong
工件 workpiece
工字梁 I beam
工作面 working surface 。
工作图；制作图 working drawing 。
工作台 bench; working table 。
工具 tool
工具贮存室 tool storage 。
工具槽 well
工具钢 tool steel 。
工场 workshop
工场安全 workshop safety 。
工程字书写技巧 lettering 。
工程系统 engineering system 。
工程绘图 engineering drawing 。
工业酒精；火酒 methylated spirit 。
弓形手钻；手摇曲柄钻 brace 。
弓形手钻嘴 brace bit 。
弓锯 bow saw; hacksaw 。
弓锯片 hacksaw blade 。
弓锯床 hacksawing machine。
四画
不平衡 imbalance
不含铁金属；非铁金属 non-ferrous metal 。
不贯穿孔；闭孔；盲孔 blind hole 。
不贯穿鸠尾榫 lapped dovetail joint 。
不对称 asymmetry
不锈钢 stainless steel 。
不稳定平衡 unstable equilibrium 。
中心 centre
中心线 centre line 。
中心冲 centre punch 。
中心钻 centre drill 。
中心钻嘴 centre bit 。
中央处理器 central processing unit (CPU) 。
中性 neutral
中性平衡；随遇平衡 neutral equilibrium 。
中性轴 neutral axis 。
中密度纤维板 medium density fibre board (MDF) 。
中粗锉纹 second cut 。
中碳钢 medium carbon steel 。
中线 neutral wire 。
互补金属氧化物半导体 complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) 。
介子；垫片 washer
介指铁 ring mandrel 。
介电常数；电容率 permittivity 。
介稳态的；亚稳态的 metastable 。
内力 internal force 。
内卡尺 inside calipers 。
内能 internal energy 。
内涵性质 intensive properties 。
内圆弯凿 scribing gouge 。
内锁式配件 interlocking fitting 。
内燃机 internal combustion engine 。
内螺纹制造法 tapping 。
内螺丝 internal thread 。
内弯边 concave edge 。
六角金属枝 hexagonal bar 。
六角匙 Allen key
六角头螺丝 hexagonal head screw 。
公制的；十进制的 metric 。
公差 tolerance
冗余构件 redundant member 。
分力 component force 。
分子 molecule
分子力 molecular force 。
分切；分割；切断 parting off 。
分贝 decibel
分析 analysis
分析及批判学 analytical and critical studies 。
分析器 analyzer
分流器 shunt
分界面；界面；接口 interface 。
分厘卡 micrometer 。
分规 divider
分割车刀架 parting tool holder 。
分解 decomposition 。
分压器 potential divider; voltage divider 。
隔离开关 isolating switch 。
切削工具 cutting tool 。
切削液 cutting fluid 。
切削深度 depth of cut 。
切屑；碎屑 chip
切线锯法 tangential sawing 。
切辊纹；滚纹 knurling 。
切断；分切；分割 parting off 。
切断工具 parting tool 。
勾；勾脚 hook
勾刀；胶片刀 plastic cutter 。
化胶水 tensol
反向偏压 reverse biased 。
反相放大器 inverting amplifier 。
反相器 inverter
反射 reflection
反电动势 back e.m.f. 。
反馈；回输 feedback 。
天拿水；稀释剂 thinner 。
天梯牙；齿条 gear rack 。
天然木材 natural timber 。
天然干燥法 air seasoning 。
孔隙率 porosity
尺寸 dimension
尺寸线 dimension line 。
尺身 blade
引力；重力 gravitational force 。
心形凸轮 heart-shaped cam 。
心材 heartwood
心轴 mandrel
心销 core pin
手工具 hand tool
手工锯 junior hacksaw 。
手削法 paring
手持虎钳 hand vice 。
手柄 handle
手套 gloves
手扫漆 brushing lacquer 。
手推车 barrow
手提式竖线锯 portable jigsaw 。
手提电动工具 portable power tool 。
手提电钻 electric hand drill 。
手进给 hand feed
手摇曲柄钻；弓形手钻 brace 。
手摇钻 hand drill 。
手锉 hand file
手锯；板锯 handsaw
手锥 bradawl
手辘轧机 hand rolling machine 。
支柱；支撑物 strut
支架；支座 support
支点 fulcrum; pivot 。
文字 text
方向 direction
方向针 pointing needle 。
方枝 square bar
方波形 square waveform 。
方波产生器 squarer
方型牙板 rectangular die 。
方格纸；网格纸 grid paper 。
方通 square tube 。
方块图 block diagram 。
方锉 square file 。
方头钻嘴 square shank bit 。
方螺帽 square nut 。
方边凿；直边凿 firmer chisel 。
木 wood
木工 woodwork
木工工作间 woodwork area 。
木工工作台 woodworker's bench 。
木工车床 wood turning lathe; woodworking lathe 。
木工铅笔 carpenter's pencil 。
木工刨床 thicknessing and planning machine 。
木牙螺丝；木螺钉 wood screw 。
木材 timber
木材车削 wood turning 。
木材车削工具 wood turning tools 。
木屑压合板；万花板 chipboard 。
木条接榫 corner strip joint 。
木圆头槌 doming mallet 。
木模；模型 patterns 。
木线 wood strip
木胶粉 ureaformal dehyde resin glue 。
木锉 rasp
木螺钉；木牙螺丝 wood screw 。
木槌 mallet
止推轴承 thrust bearing 。
止推垫圈 thrust washer 。
比例 proportion
比例尺 scale
比例常数 proportionality constant 。
比例极限 proportional limit 。
比较器 comparator 。
比热容量 specific heat capacity 。
水平投影面 horizontal plane 。
水平仪；平水尺 spirit level 。
水气掣；漏电断路掣 earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) 。
水晶胶；聚酯树脂 polyester resin 。
水晶胶的铸造成形 resin casting 。
水磨砂纸 silicon carbide paper 。
火叉 firing fork 。
火水；煤油 kerosene 。
火牛；变压器 transformer 。
火石轮 grinder
火花电蚀法；放电极加工 electrical discharge machining 。
火酒；工业酒精 methylated spirit 。
火钳 tongs
火线；活线 live wire 。
火砖 fire brick
爪扣；爪形离合器；犬齿式离合器 dog clutch 。
牙板；丝模 die
牙板扳手；丝模扳手 die holder (stock) 。
牙板螺帽 die nuts
牛皮胶；动物胶 animal glue 。
牛油纸 tracing paper 。
牛顿运动定律 Newton's laws of motion 。
犬齿式离合器；爪扣；爪形离合器 dog clutch。
五画
丙烯;丁二烯苯乙烯 acrylonitrile-butadiene-stryrene (ABS) 。
主轴；心轴 spindle
主题 motif
令(纸张的计数单位) ream 。
凹座 recess
凹模 hollowing block 。
凸缘 flange
凸缘联轴节 flange coupling 。
凸轮 cam
凸轮式配件 cam-action fitting 。
凸轮传动 cam drive 。
凸头螺丝 raised head screw 。
加成作业；添加法 addition process 。
加油 oiling
加速器 accelerator 。
功能；用途 function 。
功率因子 power factor 。
功率放大器 power amplifier 。
功率板 power amplifier board 。
功率晶体管 power transistor 。
包氏记号法 Bow's notation 。
「包浩思」；「包豪斯」〈设计风格) Bauhaus 。
半永固法；半永久接合 semi-permanent joining 。
半接榫 halving joint 。
半闭式槽榫 stopped housing joint 。
半圆(木)锉 half-round rasp 。
半圆车刀 turning gouge 。
半圆锉 half-round file 。
半圆头铆钉 snap rivet 。
半导体 semiconductor 。
卡路里；卡(热量单位) calorie 。
卡纸 card paper
卡尺；测径器 calipers 。
去角；倒角 chamfer
可切削性 machinability 。
可行性 feasibility 。
可逆过程 reversible process 。
可压缩性 compressibility 。
可变电阻 variable resistor 。
四分仪 quadrant
四爪夹头 four-jaw independent chuck 。
四圆心法(绘图) four-centre method 。
外卡尺 outside calipers 。
外形塑造 shaping
外形线；轮廓线 outline 。
外推法 extrapolation 。
外圆弯凿 firmer gouge 。
外螺纹 external thread 。
外螺纹制造法 threading 。
外弯边 convex edge 。
外观 appearance
失真 distortion
尼龙；聚醯胺 nylon; polyamide (PA) 。
尼龙墨水针笔 technical felt-tip pen 。
左右调校杆 lateral adjusting level 。
市售尺寸；标准尺寸 stock size 。
市电频率；电源频率 mains frequency 。
平(木)锉 flat rasp 。
平水尺；水平仪 spirit level 。
平行投影 parallel projection 。
平行车削 parallel turning 。
平行虎钳 parallel vice 。
平行钉法 parallel nailing 。
平底弯刨 flat faced spokeshave 。
平底钻嘴 forstner bit 。
平板结构 slab construction 。
平流扼流圈；滤波扼流器 smoothing choke 。
平流电容器；滤波电容器 smoothing capacitor 。
平流电路；滤汳电路 smoothing circuit 。
平面板；正台 surface plate 。
平面图；俯视图 plan
平面锤 flatter
平移 translation 。
平搭榫 corner halving joint 。
平嘴钳 flat nose pliers 。
平槽刨 router plane 。
平衡 balance; equilibrium 。
平衡力 equilibrant 。
平衡条件 equilibrium condition 。
平衡电桥 balanced bridge 。
平头弧刀 square nose gouge 。
幼纹 smooth cut
打凹成形 hollowing 。
打凸成形 raising
打槽机 routing machine 。
打线；打槽 routing
打磨 fitting; polishing 。
打磨机 polisher
本生灯 Bunsen burner 。
本征半导体 intrinsic semiconductor 。
正反器；触发器；复振器 flip-flop 。
正反馈；正回输 positive feedback 。
正火 normalizing 。
正向偏置 forward bias 。
正投影 orthographic projection 。
正投影图 orthographic drawing 。
正弦波形 sinusoidal waveform 。
正面投影 front projection 。
正视图 elevation; front elevation 。
正极；阳极 anode
正齿轮 spur gear
正台；平面板 surface plate 。
永久性接合 permanent joining 。
瓦通纸；瓦楞纸板 corrugated board 。
生长层 cambium layer 。
生产图 production drawing 。
生胶浆 rubber cement 。
生钢；铸钢 cast steel 。
生铁；铸铁 cast iron 。
用途；功能 function 。
白杨木 poplar
白胶浆 PVA glue; white glue 。
皮沙垫 leather sandbag 。
皮革 leather
皮革黏合剂 leather glue 。
皮鞋 leather shoes 。
目录 contents
矢量；向量 vector
石灰岩 limestone
石英晶体振荡器 quartz crystal oscillator 。
石棉 asbestos; asbestus 。
石膏 Plaster of Paris 。
示波器 oscilloscope 。
立体图 pictorial drawing 。
六画
交流电流 alternating current (a.c.) 。
交流电压 a.c. voltage 。
交联结构 cross-linked structure 。
仿饰金 gilding metal 。
伏特 volt
光力架 clear lacquer 。
光拉软钢 bright drawn mild steel (B.D.M.S.) 。
光敏电阻 light dependent resistor (LDR) 。
光测弹性学 photoelasticity 。
光刨；滑刨 smoothing plane 。
光电效应 photoelectric effect 。
光泽 lustre
全闭式槽榫 closed housing joint 。
共面力 coplanar force 。
共聚合作用 co-polymerization 。
共聚物 copolymer
共价键 covalent bond 。
共振；共鸣；谐振 resonance 。
印刷电路板 printed circuit board (PCB) 。
同素异形 allotropy 。
同轴电缆 coaxial cable 。
同温 equality of temperature 。
向量；矢量 vector
向量和 vector sum 。
合力 resultant force 。
合口扁钳 close mouth tongs 。
合成色；等和色 secondary colour 。
合成品 composite
合成粅料 composite material 。
合金 alloy
合金工具钢 alloy tool steel 。
合钉；定位销 dowel
回火 tempering
回复力 restoring force 。
回复力偶 restoring couple 。
回弹 resilience
回输；反馈 feedback 。
地线 earth wire
多刃切削刀具 multi-point cutter 。
多孔塑料；泡沫塑料；海绵状塑料 foam plastics 。
多方榫接合 pinned joint 。
多媒体 multi-media 。
多晶性 polycrystallinity 。
多谐振动器；多谐振荡器 multivibrator 。
多边形力学；力多边形 polygon of force 。
字母冲 letter punch 。
字板 letter stencil 。
安全 safety
安全守则 safety rule 。
安全系数 safety factor 。
安全措施 safety precaution 。
安全眼罩 safety goggle 。
安全设备 safety equipment 。
安全药箱 safety box 。
安培 ampere
安培计；电流表 ammeter 。
尖脚 spur
年轮 annual ring 。
成本 cost
成形 forming
扣件；击固件 fastener 。
扣钉 clout nail; cramp 。
托架 bracket
收缩 shrinkage
曲柄 crank
曲柄轴 crank shaft 。
曲线规；云板；云尺 French curve 。
有效的 efficient
有效电流 effective current 。
灰；灰末 ash
百折胶；百折胶；聚丙烯 polypropylene (PP) 。
竹 bamboo
羊角锤 claw hammer 。
老化 ageing
肋条 rib
肌理；质感；质地 texture 。
自由度 degree of freedom 。
自动控制 automatic control 。
自动进给 auto-feed 。
自然干燥法 natural seasoning 。
自感量 self-inductance 。
自感应 self-induction 。
色彩；颜色 colour
色调 tone
色环 colour wheel 。
行星齿轮；周转齿轮 epicyclic gear 。
七画
肘节开关 toggle-switch 。
串激电动机；串绕电动机 series-wound motor 。
位能；势能 potential energy 。
位梯度；势梯度 potential gradient 。
位移 displacement 。
位错 dislocation 。
伸长度 elongation 。
作工硬化 work hardening 。
作功 work done
作图线 construction line 。
低密聚乙烯 low density polyethylene (LDPE) 。
低通滤波器 low-pass filter 。
低电压 low voltage 。
低碳钢 low carbon steel 。
布置 layout
免油轴承 oil-less bearing 。
冷加工；冷作工 cold working 。
冷加工硬化 cold work hardening 。
冷色 cool colour 。
冷轧压 cold rolling 。
冷却系统 cooling system 。
冷却效应 cooling effect 。
冷却液流量 coolant rate 。
冷凝胶；环氧树脂 epoxy resin 。
利口；「披」口；铁屑 burr 。
刨平 planing
刨花板；碎料板 particle board 。
吹风机 air blower 。
吹气模塑；吹模塑 blow moulding 。
吹管 blow pipe
含铁金属 ferrous metal 。
含水量 moisture content 。
坑凿 cross-cut chisel 。
均方根值 root mean square value 。
均角投影图；等角投影图 isometric drawing 。
均速圆周运动 uniform circular motion 。
夹；夹钳 clamp
夹 cramp
夹卡 mounting board 。
夹具 fixture; jig 。
夹具及固定装置 jig and fixture 。
夹板；胶合板 plywood 。
夹持工具 clamping device; holding tool 。
夹背锯；榫锯 tenon saw 。
夹头 chuck
夹头开启匙；夹头扳手 chuck key 。
夹迭黏合成形 lamination 。
尾座 tailstock
床身；床道 lathe bed 。
床鞍；刀座帷 apron
形心；面心 centroid 。
形状 shape
形变 deformation 。
「快把」板；硬质纤维板 hardboard 。
快速移位 rapid traverse 。
抗扭强度 torsional strength 。
抗屈强度 bending strength; yield strength 。
抗性分量；无功分量 reactive component 。
抗拉强度 tensile strength 。
抗氧化剂 anti-oxidant 。
抗剪强度 shearing strength 。
抗磁性物料 diamagnetic material 。
抗挠性 stiffness
抗压强度 compressive strength 。
抗断强度 breaking strength 。
技术员；技师 technician 。
扶架 steady
扭力 torsion
扭矩；转矩 torque
扭转 torsion
扭转角 angle of torsion 。
把手 hand grip
扼流圈 choke
扳手 spanner; wrench 。
投影 projection
投影面 projection plane 。
投影线 projection line 。
攻丝 tap
材料 material
材料单；材料表 material list 。
杜拉铝 duralumin
杉木 spruce
步进电动机 stepper motor 。
步冲轮廓法 nibbling 。
每分钟转数 revolution per minute (r.p.m.) 。
系统组件 system component 。
角托架 angle bracket 。
角位移 angular displacement 。
角板；直角板 angle plate 。
角度 angle
角榫 corner angle joint; corner joint 。
角铁 angle iron
谷巴凡立水 cobal varnish 。
车刀架 tool holder 。
车床 lathe
车床工具 lathe tools 。
车床中心钻咀 lathe centre bit 。
车床操作法 lathe operation 。
车削；车旋 lathe turning; turning 。
车削工具 turning tools 。
防火胶板 Formica
防锈 rust prevention 。
防声耳筒；护耳器 ear-protector 。
防松螺帽 lock nut
防护装置；保护罩；保护网 guard; safety guard 。
八画
注射成形法；喷射铸造法 injection moulding 。
并激电动机；并绕电动机 shunt-wound motor 。
奶酪胶 casein glue 。
乳胶漆 emulsion paint 。
亚加力；压克力；聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂 acrylics; polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 。
亚稳态的；介稳态的 metastable 。
来回摆动 oscillating 。
两点透视 two-point perspective 。
刻度；划线 ruling
刺冲 dot punch
刮刀 scraper
刮擦 scraping
制动鼓 drum brake 。
制动碟 disc brake 。
制动器 brake
受迫振动 forced vibration 。
受迫振荡 forced oscillation 。
和谐 harmony
周转齿轮；行星齿轮 epicyclic gear 。
固定夹；台夹 bench holdfast 。
固定负载 dead load 。
定子 stator
定位销；合钉 dowel
定位螺丝 set screw 。
定距轮 stitch marker 。
屈片机 folding machine 。
屈曲 bending
屈服点；降服点 yield point 。
屈圈法 loop forming 。
屈卷法 scrolling
屈接缝 folded lap seam 。
屈喉机 tube bender 。
屈折 folding
屈折线 folding line 。
屈压接缝 folded & grooved seam 。
延性 ductility
延性的 ductile
弦锯法 plain sawing 。
弧口凿；圆凿 gouge
往复式运动 reciprocatory motion 。
拉力 tensile force 。
拉力计；张力计 tensiometer; tensometer 。
拉钉 blind rivet; pop rivet 。
拉钉接合 blind riveting; pop riveting 。
拉钉钳 blind riveting pliers; pop riveting pliers 。
拉张 tension
拉张应力 tensile stress 。
拉张应变 tensile strain 。
拉细 drawing-down 。
拉制法 drawing
拉线 wire drawing 。
「披」口；利口；铁屑 burr 。
拔钳 nippers
抛光 buffing
抛光机 buffing machine 。
放大；扩大 enlargement 。
放大尺 pantograph 。
放大倍数 amplification factor 。
放大器 amplifier
放电极加工；火花电蚀法 electrical discharge machining 。
易用万能尺 line setter 。
易碎 fragile
〈绘画的〉明暗运用；描影 shading 。
枝；杆 rod
杯形顶尖 cup centre 。
杯头螺丝 hexagonal socket head cap screw 。
板锯 panel saw
松木 pine
松节水 turpentine 。
法式磨光 French polishing 。
法拉〈电容量单位〉 farad 。
油石；磨刀石 oil stone 。
油漆；涂料 paint
泡沫塑料；多孔塑料；海绵状塑料 foam plastics 。
物理特性 physical property 。
物理属性 physical attribute 。
物理量 physical quantity 。
盲孔；闭孔；不贯穿孔 blind hole 。
直尺 ruler; straight rule 。
直角叉榫 corner bridle joint 。
直角尺 try square 。
直角板；角板 angle plate 。
直角杠杆 bell crank lever 。
直身钻嘴 straight shank drill 。
直车刀架 straight tool holder 。
直流发电机 d.c. generator 。
直流电流 direct current (d.c.) 。
直流电动机；直流马达 d.c. motor 。
直纹锯 rip saw
直线切削 linear interpolation 。
直线运动 rectilinear motion 。
直边凿；方边凿 firmer chisel 。
直铁剪 straight snips 。
硅 silicon
空行程 idle stroke 。
空气动力学 aerodynamics 。
空间 space
空载 no load
花纹凿 embossing stamp 。
花梨木 rosewood
花样；图案 pattern
虎克定律 Hooke's Law 。
虎钳 vice
虎钳护罩 vice clamp 。
初步意念 proposed solution 。
表面 surface
表面展开图 surface development 。
表面张力 surface tension 。
表面处理 surface finishing; surface treatment 。
表面硬化 case hardening 。
表面硬化钢 case-hardened steel 。
表达方式 presentation 。
表达技巧；传意技巧 communication technique 。
表观膨胀；视膨胀 apparent expansion 。
金工 metalwork
金工工作间 metalwork area 。
金工角尺 engineering square 。
金工车床 metalwork lathe 。
金工虎钳 engineer's vice 。
金工锯床 power hacksaw 。
金属包头；金属箍 ferrule 。
金属配件 metal fittings 。
金属线 wire
金属压展机 hand rolling mill 。
金属擦光剂；磨光剂 metal polish 。
金属薄片 sheet metal 。
金属键 metallic bond 。
长方通 rectangular tube 。
长刨 trying plane 。
长螺旋钻咀 long auger bit 。
长镗孔 long boring 。
闸极 gate
阻抗 impedance
附件 attachment
附录 appendices
青铜 bronze
非反相放大器 non-inverting amplifier 。
非本征半导体 extrinsic semicon。
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大圣杰锅是
乒乓球拍的材料,我要中英问的
Old soldiers never die 。
Mr. President, Mr. Speaker, and Distinguished Members of the Congress:。
I stand on this rostrum with a sense of deep humility and great pride -- humility in the weight of those great American architects of our history who have stood here before me; pride in the reflection that this home of legislative debate represents human liberty in the purest form yet devised. Here are centered the hopes and aspirations and faith of the entire human race. I do not stand here as advocate for any partisan cause, for the issues are fundamental and reach quite beyond the realm of partisan consideration. They must be resolved on the highest plane of national interest if our course is to prove sound and our future protected. I trust, therefore, that you will do me the justice of receiving that which I have to say as solely expressing the considered viewpoint of a fellow American.。
I address you with neither rancor nor bitterness in the fading twilight of life, with but one purpose in mind: to serve my country. The issues are global and so interlocked that to consider the problems of one sector, oblivious to those of another, is but to court disaster for the whole. While Asia is commonly referred to as the Gateway to Europe, it is no less true that Europe is the Gateway to Asia, and the broad influence of the one cannot fail to have its impact upon the other. There are those who claim our strength is inadequate to protect on both fronts, that we cannot divide our effort. I can think of no greater expression of defeatism. If a potential enemy can divide his strength on two fronts, it is for us to counter his effort. The Communist threat is a global one. Its successful advance in one sector threatens the destruction of every other sector. You can not appease or otherwise surrender to communism in Asia without simultaneously undermining our efforts to halt its advance in Europe.。
Beyond pointing out these general truisms, I shall confine my discussion to the general areas of Asia. Before one may objectively assess the situation now existing there, he must comprehend something of Asia's past and the revolutionary changes which have marked her course up to the present. Long exploited by the so-called colonial powers, with little opportunity to achieve any degree of social justice, individual dignity, or a higher standard of life such as guided our own noble administration in the Philippines, the peoples of Asia found their opportunity in the war just past to throw off the shackles of colonialism and now see the dawn of new opportunity, a heretofore unfelt dignity, and the self-respect of political freedom.。
Mustering half of the earth's population, and 60 percent of its natural resources these peoples are rapidly consolidating a new force, both moral and material, with which to raise the living standard and erect adaptations of the design of modern progress to their own distinct cultural environments. Whether one adheres to the concept of colonization or not, this is the direction of Asian progress and it may not be stopped. It is a corollary to the shift of the world economic frontiers as the whole epicenter of world affairs rotates back toward the area whence it started.。
In this situation, it becomes vital that our own country orient its policies in consonance with this basic evolutionary condition rather than pursue a course blind to the reality that the colonial era is now past and the Asian peoples covet the right to shape their own free destiny. What they seek now is friendly guidance, understanding, and support -- not imperious direction -- the dignity of equality and not the shame of subjugation. Their pre-war standard of life, pitifully low, is infinitely lower now in the devastation left in war's wake. World ideologies play little part in Asian thinking and are little understood. What the peoples strive for is the opportunity for a little more food in their stomachs, a little better clothing on their backs, a little firmer roof over their heads, and the realization of the normal nationalist urge for political freedom. These political-social conditions have but an indirect bearing upon our own national security, but do form a backdrop to contemporary planning which must be thoughtfully considered if we are to avoid the pitfalls of unrealism.。
Of more direct and immediately bearing upon our national security are the changes wrought in the strategic potential of the Pacific Ocean in the course of the past war. Prior thereto the western strategic frontier of the United States lay on the literal line of the Americas, with an exposed island salient extending out through Hawaii, Midway, and Guam to the Philippines. That salient proved not an outpost of strength but an avenue of weakness along which the enemy could and did attack.。
The Pacific was a potential area of advance for any predatory force intent upon striking at the bordering land areas. All this was changed by our Pacific victory. Our strategic frontier then shifted to embrace the entire Pacific Ocean, which became a vast moat to protect us as long as we held it. Indeed, it acts as a protective shield for all of the Americas and all free lands of the Pacific Ocean area. We control it to the shores of Asia by a chain of islands extending in an arc from the Aleutians to the Mariannas held by us and our free allies. From this island chain we can dominate with sea and air power every Asiatic port from Vladivostok to Singapore -- with sea and air power every port, as I said, from Vladivostok to Singapore -- and prevent any hostile movement into the Pacific.。
Any predatory attack from Asia must be an amphibious effort.* No amphibious force can be successful without control of the sea lanes and the air over those lanes in its avenue of advance. With naval and air supremacy and modest ground elements to defend bases, any major attack from continental Asia toward us or our friends in the Pacific would be doomed to failure.。
Under such conditions, the Pacific no longer represents menacing avenues of approach for a prospective invader. It assumes, instead, the friendly aspect of a peaceful lake. Our line of defense is a natural one and can be maintained with a minimum of military effort and expense. It envisions no attack against anyone, nor does it provide the bastions essential for offensive operations, but properly maintained, would be an invincible defense against aggression. The holding of this literal defense line in the western Pacific is entirely dependent upon holding all segments thereof; for any major breach of that line by an unfriendly power would render vulnerable to determined attack every other major segment.。
This is a military estimate as to which I have yet to find a military leader who will take exception. For that reason, I have strongly recommended in the past, as a matter of military urgency, that under no circumstances must Formosa fall under Communist control. Such an eventuality would at once threaten the freedom of the Philippines and the loss of Japan and might well force our western frontier back to the coast of California, Oregon and Washington.。
To understand the changes which now appear upon the Chinese mainland, one must understand the changes in Chinese character and culture over the past 50 years. China, up to 50 years ago, was completely non-homogenous, being compartmented into groups divided against each other. The war-making tendency was almost non-existent, as they still followed the tenets of the Confucian ideal of pacifist culture. At the turn of the century, under the regime of Chang Tso Lin, efforts toward greater homogeneity produced the start of a nationalist urge. This was further and more successfully developed under the leadership of Chiang Kai-Shek, but has been brought to its greatest fruition under the present regime to the point that it has now taken on the character of a united nationalism of increasingly dominant, aggressive tendencies.。
Through these past 50 years the Chinese people have thus become militarized in their concepts and in their ideals. They now constitute excellent soldiers, with competent staffs and commanders. This has produced a new and dominant power in Asia, which, for its own purposes, is allied with Soviet Russia but which in its own concepts and methods has become aggressively imperialistic, with a lust for expansion and increased power normal to this type of imperialism.。
There is little of the ideological concept either one way or another in the Chinese make-up. The standard of living is so low and the capital accumulation has been so thoroughly dissipated by war that the masses are desperate and eager to follow any leadership which seems to promise the alleviation of local stringencies.。
I have from the beginning believed that the Chinese Communists' support of the North Koreans was the dominant one. Their interests are, at present, parallel with those of the Soviet. But I believe that the aggressiveness recently displayed not only in Korea but also in Indo-China and Tibet and pointing potentially toward the South reflects predominantly the same lust for the expansion of power which has animated every would-be conqueror since the beginning of time.。
The Japanese people, since the war, have undergone the greatest reformation recorded in modern history. With a commendable will, eagerness to learn, and marked capacity to understand, they have, from the ashes left in war's wake, erected in Japan an edifice dedicated to the supremacy of individual liberty and personal dignity; and in the ensuing process there has been created a truly representative government committed to the advance of political morality, freedom of economic enterprise, and social justice. 。
Politically, economically, and socially Japan is now abreast of many free nations of the earth and will not again fail the universal trust. That it may be counted upon to wield a profoundly beneficial influence over the course of events in Asia is attested by the magnificent manner in which the Japanese people have met the recent challenge of war, unrest, and confusion surrounding them from the outside and checked communism within their own frontiers without the slightest slackening in their forward progress. I sent all four of our occupation divisions to the Korean battlefront without the slightest qualms as to the effect of the resulting power vacuum upon Japan. The results fully justified my faith. I know of no nation more serene, orderly, and industrious, nor in which higher hopes can be entertained for future constructive service in the advance of the human race.。
Of our former ward, the Philippines, we can look forward in confidence that the existing unrest will be corrected and a strong and healthy nation will grow in the longer aftermath of war's terrible destructiveness. We must be patient and understanding and never fail them -- as in our hour of need, they did not fail us. A Christian nation, the Philippines stand as a mighty bulwark of Christianity in the Far East, and its capacity for high moral leadership in Asia is unlimited. 。
On Formosa, the government of the Republic of China has had the opportunity to refute by action much of the malicious gossip which so undermined the strength of its leadership on the Chinese mainland. The Formosan people are receiving a just and enlightened administration with majority representation on the organs of government, and politically, economically, and socially they appear to be advancing along sound and constructive lines.。
With this brief insight into the surrounding areas, I now turn to the Korean conflict. While I was not consulted prior to the President's decision to intervene in support of the Republic of Korea, that decision from a military standpoint, proved a sound one, as we hurled back the invader and decimated his forces. Our victory was complete, and our objectives within reach, when Red China intervened with numerically superior ground forces.。
This created a new war and an entirely new situation, a situation not contemplated when our forces were committed against the North Korean invaders; a situation which called for new decisions in the diplomatic sphere to permit the realistic adjustment of military strategy.。
Such decisions have not been forthcoming.。
While no man in his right mind would advocate sending our ground forces into continental China, and such was never given a thought, the new situation did urgently demand a drastic revision of strategic planning if our political aim was to defeat this new enemy as we had defeated the old.。
Apart from the military need, as I saw It, to neutralize the sanctuary protection given the enemy north of the Yalu, I felt that military necessity in the conduct of the war made necessary: first the intensification of our economic blockade against China; two the imposition of a naval blockade against the China coast; three removal of restrictions on air reconnaissance of China's coastal areas and of Manchuria; four removal of restrictions on the forces of the Republic of China on Formosa, with logistical support to contribute to their effective operations against the common enemy.。
For entertaining these views, all professionally designed to support our forces committed to Korea and bring hostilities to an end with the least possible delay and at a saving of countless American and allied lives, I have been severely criticized in lay circles, principally abroad, despite my understanding that from a military standpoint the above views have been fully shared in the past by practically every military leader concerned with the Korean campaign, including our own Joint Chiefs of Staff. 。
I called for reinforcements but was informed that reinforcements were not available. I made clear that if not permitted to destroy the enemy built-up bases north of the Yalu, if not permitted to utilize the friendly Chinese Force of some 600,000 men on Formosa, if not permitted to blockade the China coast to prevent the Chinese Reds from getting succor from without, and if there were to be no hope of major reinforcements, the position of the command from the military standpoint forbade victory.。
We could hold in Korea by constant maneuver and in an approximate area where our supply line advantages were in balance with the supply line disadvantages of the enemy, but we could hope at best for only an indecisive campaign with its terrible and constant attrition upon our forces if the enemy utilized its full military potential. I have constantly called for the new political decisions essential to a solution.。
Efforts have been made to distort my position. It has been said, in effect, that I was a warmonger. Nothing could be further from the truth. I know war as few other men now living know it, and nothing to me is more revolting. I have long advocated its complete abolition, as its very destructiveness on both friend and foe has rendered it useless as a means of settling international disputes. Indeed, on the second day of September, nineteen hundred and forty-five, just following the surrender of the Japanese nation on the Battleship Missouri, I formally cautioned as follows:。
"Men since the beginning of time have。
sought peace. Various methods through the。
ages have been attempted to devise an。
international process to prevent or settle。
disputes between nations. From the very。
start workable methods were found in so。
far as individual citizens were concerned,。
but the mechanics of an instrumentality of。
larger international scope have never。
been successful. Military alliances,。
balances of power, Leagues of Nations,。
all in turn failed, leaving the only path to。
be by way of the crucible of war. The。
utter destructiveness of war now blocks。
out this alternative. We have had our last。
chance. If we will not devise some。
greater and more equitable system,。
Armageddon will be at our door. The。
problem basically is theological and。
involves a spiritual recrudescence and。
improvement of human character that will。
synchronize with our almost matchless。
advances in science, art, literature, and all。
material and cultural developments of。
the past 2000 years. It must be of the spirit。
if we are to save the flesh." 。
But once war is forced upon us, there is no other alternative than to apply every available means to bring it to a swift end.。
War's very object is victory, not prolonged indecision.。
In war there is no substitute for victory.。
There are some who, for varying reasons, would appease Red China. They are blind to history's clear lesson, for history teaches with unmistakable emphasis that appeasement but begets new and bloodier war. It points to no single instance where this end has justified that means, where appeasement has led to more than a sham peace. Like blackmail, it lays the basis for new and successively greater demands until, as in blackmail, violence becomes the only other alternative.。
"Why," my soldiers asked of me, "surrender military advantages to an enemy in the field?" I could not answer.。
Some may say: to avoid spread of the conflict into an all-out war with China; others, to avoid Soviet intervention. Neither explanation seems valid, for China is already engaging with the maximum power it can commit, and the Soviet will not necessarily mesh its actions with our moves. Like a cobra, any new enemy will more likely strike whenever it feels that the relativity in military or other potential is in its favor on a world-wide basis.。
The tragedy of Korea is further heightened by the fact that its military action is confined to its territorial limits. It condemns that nation, which it is our purpose to save, to suffer the devastating impact of full naval and air bombardment while the enemy's sanctuaries are fully protected from such attack and devastation.。
Of the nations of the world, Korea alone, up to now, is the sole one which has risked its all against communism. The magnificence of the courage and fortitude of the Korean people defies description. 。
They have chosen to risk death rather than slavery. Their last words to me were: "Don't scuttle the Pacific!"。
I have just left your fighting sons in Korea. They have met all tests there, and I can report to you without reservation that they are splendid in every way.。
It was my constant effort to preserve them and end this savage conflict honorably and with the least loss of time and a minimum sacrifice of life. Its growing bloodshed has caused me the deepest anguish and anxiety. 。
Those gallant men will remain often in my thoughts and in my prayers always.。
I am closing my 52 years of military service. When I joined the Army, even before the turn of the century, it was the fulfillment of all of my boyish hopes and dreams. The world has turned over many times since I took the oath on the plain at West Point, and the hopes and dreams have long since vanished, but I still remember the refrain of one of the most popular barrack ballads of that day which proclaimed most proudly that "old soldiers never die; they just fade away."。
And like the old soldier of that ballad, I now close my military career and just fade away, an old soldier who tried to do his duty as God gave him the light to see that duty.。
小韩在追星
本人急需 08年4月全国自考综合英语一试题
以下请参考,如果还不够,至少重要关键词都有了,可以用它们来继续搜索:。
关键词：Table tennis/Pingpong ；Racket；Ball；wood ；rubber；celluloid；…… ……
====================================。
Table tennis equipment - racket。
The racket is composed of a wooden blade covered with rubber either on one side or on both sides, depending on the preference of the player according to the grip. However, the modern table tennis rackets generally have one or more carbon layers within them to provide a higher margin of error while executing more powerful shots. Materials like Kevlar, titanium, arylate, aramid and aluminium are incorporated nowadays in table tennis rackets.。
The table tennis rackets invariably contain a rubber coating of pimpled rubber, with the pimples turned outwards. However, certain rackets may contain rubber composed from two materials, a sponge layer, covered by a pimpled rubber. The pimples may point either inwards or outwards. Rackets without rubber coating are not approved by ITTF and it is illegal to use them in competitions. ITTF has also approved certain types of rubber that can be used on the rackets. These rubbers will have the ITTF emblem on the base of the rubber.。
A sheet of rubber is glued to the racket using rubber cement. This rubber is used until it wears out or becomes damaged. Since the 1980s, a new technology by which the player uses a special glue known as speed glue to apply the rubber before every match. This glue helps provide more spin and speed and is called ‘regluing.’ This technique has become the standard for many top players in recent times.。
Different types of rubber sheets like non-Chinese inverted rubber sheets, Chinese inverted rubber sheets, short pimples, long pimples, anti-spin, etc. are used. The non-Chinese rubber provides a smooth surface, with the pimples facing inwards, enabling generation of high levels of speed and spin. 。
The Chinese inverted rubber has stickier topsheets, with the sponge relatively more condensed and firmer. This enables the players to generate more power. The short pimples rubber does not generate much spin compared to inverted rubber but provides more protection against the spin generated by the opponent. 。
Long pimples rubber enables the player to use the spin of the opponent to upset the rhythm and is generally used by players who play close to the table or who prefer chopping. Anti-spin rubber is also like the long pimples rubber but is not used widely at international level.。
Table tennis equipment - ball。
The ITTF has stipulated that the ball used in international competitions should be made of a high-bouncing gas-filled celluloid ball, with a diameter of 40 mm and a weight of 2.7 gram. Further, the ball should have coefficient restitution of 0.4. The ball could be coloured white or orange and must have a matte finish.。
===============。
Rackets
The racket may be of any size, shape or weight but the blade shall be flat and rigid. 。
At least 85% of the blade by thickness shall be of natural wood; an adhesive layer within the blade may be reinforced with fibrous material such as carbon fibre, glass fibre or compressed paper, but shall not be thicker than 7.5% of the total thickness or 0.35mm, whichever is the smaller. 。
A side of the blade used for striking the ball shall be covered with either ordinary pimpled rubber, with pimples outwards having a total thickness including adhesive of not more than 2mm, or sandwich rubber, with pimples inwards or outwards, having a total thickness including adhesive of not more than 4mm. 。
1 Ordinary pimpled rubber is a single layer of non-cellular rubber, natural or synthetic, with pimples evenly distributed over its surface at a density of not less than 10 per sq. cm and not more than 50 per sq. cm. 。
Sandwich rubber is a single layer of cellular rubber covered with a single outer layer of ordinary pimpled rubber, the thickness of the pimpled rubber not being more than 2mm. 。
The covering material shall extend up to but not beyond the limits of the blade, except that the part nearest the handle and gripped by the fingers may be left uncovered or covered with any material. 。
The blade, any layer within the blade and any layer of covering material or adhesive on a side used for striking the ball shall be continuous and of even thickness. 。
The surface of the covering material on a side of the blade, or of a side of the blade if it is left uncovered, shall be matt, bright red on one side and black on the other. 。
Slight deviations from continuity of surface or uniformity of colour due to accidental damage or wear may be allowed provided that they do not significantly change the characteristics of the surface. 。
At the start of a match and whenever he changes his racket during a match a player shall show his opponent and the umpire the racket he is about to use and shall allow them to examine it. 。
================。
From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis。
■Ball
40 mm, 44 mm, and 54 mm celluloid Table Tennis ballsThe international rules specify that the game is played with a light 2.7 gram, 40 mm (formerly 38 mm) diameter ball. Generally, it is the most-used ball. The rules say that the ball shall bounce up 23cm when dropped from a height of 30cm thereby having a coefficient of restitution of 0.88. The 40 mm ball was introduced after the 2000 Olympic Games. However, this created some controversy as the Chinese National Team argued that this was merely to give non-Chinese players a better chance of winning. A 40 mm table tennis ball is slower and spins less than a 38 mm one. The ball is made of a high-bouncing gas-filled celluloid ball, colored white or orange, with a matte finish. The choice of ball color is made according to the table color and its surroundings. For example, a white ball is easier to see on a green or blue table than it is on a grey table. A star on the ball indicates the quality of the ball. 3 stars indicates that it is of the highest quality.。
■ Racket
Players are equipped with a wooden blade covered with rubber on one or two sides depending on the grip of the player. This is called either a paddle, racket or bat depending on where in the world the game is being played. In the USA the term "paddle" is common, in Europe the term is "bat," and the official ITTF term is "racket." This section will use the ITTF term.。
Table tennis regulations allow different surfaces on each side of the racket. The different types of surfaces provide various levels of spin or speed, or in some cases, nullify spin. For example, a player may have a rubber that provides much spin on one side of his racket, and no spin on the other side of the racket. By flipping the racket in play, different types of returns are possible. To help a player distinguish between different types of rubber used by his opposing player, international rules specify that one side must be red while the other side must be black. The player has the right to inspect his opponent's racket before a match to see the type of rubber used and what color it is. Despite high speed play and rapid exchanges, a player can see clearly what side of the racket was used to hit the ball.。
Recent years have seen an advancement in technology of table tennis blades. Materials of different properties may be combined with the wood in the blade to enhance its playing performance. Many blades today feature one or more carbon layers within them to enhance their 'sweet spot', and to give the player a greater margin of error when playing powerful shots. Materials incorporated into table tennis blades today include titanium, acrylate, aramids, and aluminium.。
The rubber coating may be of pimpled rubber, with the pimples outward, or it may be a rubber that is composed of two materials, a sponge layer, covered by a pimpled rubber, with the pimples pointed inwards or outwards. Some rackets are not covered with rubber at all, because a "naked" racket is believed to be more resistant to a spin. However, it is illegal to use these types of racket in competition as they are not approved by the ITTF. Some types of rubbers are also not approved. Approved rubbers have the ITTF emblem on the base of the rubber.[7]。
Players have many choices and variations in rubber sheets on their racket. Although a racket may be purchased with rubber by the manufacturer, most serious tournament players will create a customized racket. A player selects a blank blade (i.e. a racket without rubber), based on his playing style. The type of wood and synthetic layers used to make up the blade will provide a slower or faster blade. The player can choose from different types of rubber sheets which will provide a certain level of spin, speed and specific playing characteristics.。
Normally, a sheet of rubber is glued to a blade using rubber cement and not removed until the rubber wears out or becomes damaged. In the 1980s, a new technique was developed where the player would use a special glue called speed glue to apply the rubber every time he played. The glue would help provide more spin and speed by providing a "catapult" effect. This technique is known as "regluing" and has become a standard technique for top players.。
The surface of a racket will develop a smooth glossy patina with use. The rubber surface needs to be regularly cleaned to ensure it retains a high friction surface to impart spin to the ball. Players use a commercial cleaner, or just water and detergent as cleaning agents. [8]。
Racket construction and new rubber technology (skilled elite players typically select and attach the rubber to their own rackets and glue them before every match) contribute significantly to the amount of deviation from the expected ball flight path. The fairly recent development of speed glue speeds up the departure of the ball from the rubber considerably, though at the cost of some ball control on touch shots where little or no spin is put on the ball.。
Different types of rubber sheets 。
Inverted (non-Chinese): This is the most widely used rubber type. The surface is smooth, with the pimpled side facing inwards toward the blade. This enables the player to generate high levels of spin and speed. Spin is generated not by the action of the topsheet alone, but also by the ball sinking into the sponge and allowing greater surface area to contact the ball. 。
Inverted (Chinese): Chinese rubbers typically have stickier (or "tackier") topsheets. Spin is generated mainly by the topsheet, as opposed to the sponge, which is more condensed and firm. The result is usually a far better short game and potential offensive capabilities than normal inverted, but also a less consistent defensive and/or counter play. 。
Short pimples (or "pips"): Short pimples-out rubbers are usually used by close-to-the-table hitters (for example, Liu Guoliang). They do not generate as much spin as inverted rubbers, but also make the user less susceptible to the opponent's spin. Speed generated from a short pip rubber is generally greater than that of an inverted with the same sponge. Depending on the thickness of the sponge it is also possible to play a chopping game with short pimples by varying the spin of the return. Whilst blocking and attacking a "dead ball" effect is often noticed. Ding Song is an exponent of this style. 。
Long pimples (or "pips"): Long pimples-out rubbers carry relatively long and soft pips. They do not have the ability to generate any real spin of their own, but feed off of the opponent's spin instead. This allows the user to confuse the opponent and upset their rhythm. Long pips rely on the opponent's oncoming spin, as they tend to "continue" the opponent's spin, by bending upon impact, rather than reversing or changing the spin, like inverted rubbers. Long pips are usually used by close-to-the-table blockers, or choppers, but, in some cases, they can be used away from the table for long distance chops. They are usually only used on the backhand side, as they offer very limited attacking capabilities. Depending on the grip of the sides of the pimples and the thickness of the sponge it is also possible to play an aggressive game with long pips, although without much spin capability. 。
Anti-spin: Anti-spin rubbers may look similar to the inverted ones, but their surfaces are very slick and frictionless. Like long pimples, they cannot generate much spin. Anti-spin is also not very susceptible to the opponents oncoming spin, due to the low coefficient of friction of the rubber's surface, as well as the incredibly soft sponge, which is designed to cushion or absorb the momentum of the ball upon impact. This is also used to confuse the opponent, but is not widely used at the international level.。
小韩在追星
找美国二战著名将领【麦克阿瑟】的讲演《老兵不死》！！
课程代码：00794
请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上。
I．用适当的语法形式或词汇填空。从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 全国2008年4月高等教育自学考试。
综合英语（一）试题
1. It is said that the newly-built gymnasium is three miles _______ from here.。
A. away far B. far away 。
C. far D. away。
2. I _______ my talk with Tony. Let’s go out for a walk.。
A. have finished B. had finished。
C. finish D. finished。
3. I am for your proposal that the discussion about future plans _______.。
A. to be put off B. be put off。
C. should put off D. was put off。
4. You will see this product _______ wherever you go in this city.。
A. advertise B. to be advertised。
C. advertised D. advertising。
5. Jack often complains _______ able to communicate with his parents.。
A. of being not B. of not being。
C. being not D. not being。
6. We expected many club members would come to the tea party, _______ turned up.。
A. only a few B. very few。
C. but a few D. but few。
7. The reason _______ the little boy died was lack of medical care.。
A. why B. because。
C. for D. as
8. _______ the drill is, it is very useful in improving your oral English.。
A. Simple you consider B. You consider simple。
C. Simple as you consider D. As simple you consider。
9. Only when I got there _______ how badly the crops had been damaged.。
A. did I realize B. I realized。
C. then I realized D. then did I realize。
10. _______ that this small town was exposed to various kinds of dangers.。
A. In 2003 B. The year of 2003。
C. It was 2003 D. It was in 2003。
11. Smoking hurts not only the smokers, but also the people around them _______ second-hand smoke.。
A. because B. because of。
C. as D. as of。
12. To her disappointment, her best friend did not _______ at her birthday party.。
A. turn over B. turn around。
C. turn up D. turn in。
13. How I wish I could bring _______my children in an environment close to nature!。
A. about B. in。
C. out D. up
14. When the fever eventually _______, he is likely to feel tired and weak for a while.。
A. dies down B. dies out。
C. loses D. leaves。
15. She had to _______ after the first round because she sprained her wrist.。
A. run out B. drop out。
C. draw out D. come out。
16. It was Allen who _______ with the bright idea to have a barbecue near the lake.。
A. went up B. came along。
C. went along D. came up。
17. Humor is a most _______, yet frequently neglected means of handling the difficult situations in our lives.。
A. affirmative B. affectionate。
C. efficient D. effective。
18. Hardly had he arrived at the airport _______ he was told that the flight had been cancelled.。
A. than B. when。
C. before D. then。
19. The decision _______ how much money should go to education is of vital importance.。
A. due to B. owing to。
C. as to D. so as to。
20. I know she didn’t pass the qualifying exam, but really she is _______ but stupid.。
A. anything B. nothing。
C. something D. none。
II．认真阅读下面两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题。根据短文的内容从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)。
Passage 1
A mile or so before they reached Oxford, they stopped the car on top of a hill from which they could see the whole of the city spread out before them. The spires and the domes, the college walls and towers looked as peaceful as when they were first built, hundreds of years ago.。
When they drove down, over the River Thames and into the city centre, they found it was not so peaceful after all! The main streets were packed with traffic: cars, lorries, coaches full of tourists and the bicycles which the students use to get about. But as soon as they had managed to park the car and get away from the roaring traffic, they discovered a completely different world. Narrow cobbled streets which had hardly changed since the Middle Ages ran between the high college walls of grey or yellow stone. Inside the great double gates of each college they found quiet squares of grass, surrounded by the chapel, the library, the dining-hall and the rooms where the students and teachers live. Many colleges had the most beautiful gardens where one could sit and read, talk, work or dream.。
Most of the students, or undergraduates, wore informal clothes: sports coats, or pullovers, and slacks. But some of them were wearing their black gowns. George explained that they had to wear these when going to lectures or to their weekly meeting with their tutor, or teacher. Tom and Anne were very surprised to see a few young men dressed in formal black suits, with ties, gowns and scholars’ caps. Anne asked whatever they were doing, wearing evening dress in the morning! George laughed and said that this was the official dress for taking examinations, many of which were held in June.。
In one college, they visited the dining-hall. It was enormous with a high roof held up by great wooden beams with windows of stained glass as in a church, and long heavy tables and benches. At one end was the “High Table”, which is usually reserved for the Head of the college and the teachers. It really was high, raised on a wooden platform above the level of the rest of the hall. An undergraduate may sit at the High Table once on the day when he has passed all his examinations, takes his degrees and becomes a graduate.。
21. They stopped the car on top of a hill because _______.。
A. the spires and domes looked peaceful。
B. they wanted to see Oxford。
C. they wanted to take a rest。
D. the old college walls looked different。
22. Before they got away from the roaring traffic, they _______.。
A. succeeded in parking their car。
B. found a car park。
C. tried to park their car。
D. failed to park their car。
23. Most of the undergraduates were wearing _______.。
A. suits, caps and gowns B. black gowns。
C. sweaters or sports jackets D. vests and slacks。
24. George told Tom and Anne students wore black gowns _______.。
A. only when they were on their way to lectures。
B. when meeting with their tutor once a week。
C. on their way to the library。
D. when they were in the chapel。
25. An undergraduate may sit at the High Table on the day he _______.。
A. receives his degrees B. passes his exams。
C. takes his exams D. leaves school。
Passage 2
An ideal design for a toothbrush has not been invented. Dentists have put forward many different designs over the years and each has its advantages. We all know the problems of trying to clean less accessible areas, where it is difficult to see and space is restricted. In trying to clean the backs of our lower front teeth and our wisdom teeth we have produced toothbrushes with every type of bend in the handles and curve on the surface of the bristles(猪鬃、毛发). Added to this there is the choice of natural bristle or nylon for the heads of the toothbrush.。
After numerous tests it has been found that there is no difference in effectiveness between the natural and artificial bristle. In fact, dentists are finding more advantages with the nylon toothbrush. Nylon bristle is said to last longer, is more easily cleaned and harbours fewer germs. The individual nylon bristles tend to be more consistent in texture and do not become soft. The bristles, moreover, do not split as is the case with natural bristle.。
The main advantage of natural bristles appears to be that they are more resilient(有弹性的) when new. Another controversy is the appearance of hard, medium and soft toothbrushes. We are told that certain hard brushes are good for smokers and promote healthy gums. Once again the publicity is misleading, starting with the conception that hardness means a bristle of a tougher substance. This is not so, for a hard toothbrush is one in which the diameter of the bristles is greater, thus making the brush more rigid. This causes problems because the gums are easily injured and the tooth surface is more easily worn away by this type of brush. In fact, too much pressure and the wrong technique with a hard brush can cause much damage to the teeth and gums. As the bristles are thicker, they cannot get into the narrow openings so easily. The only advantage of this type of brush is that it lasts longer. In general, therefore, a hard toothbrush is not recommended unless used with extreme care. It is much more advisable to use a medium or soft bristle toothbrush. They don’t have a very long life, and replacement is necessary as soon as the bristles split or fall out.。
26. According to the passage, the artificial bristle is _______.。
A. more effective than the natural one。
B. less effective than the natural one。
C. just as effective as the natural one。
D. firmer and cleaner than the natural one。
27. Which of the following, according to the passage, is an advantage of the nylon toothbrush?。
A. The bristles split more easily.。
B. The bristles are free from germs.。
C. The bristles always stay firm.。
D. The bristles last longer.。
28. A hard brush is _______.。
A. a brush with hard bristles B. a brush with thick bristles。
C. good for smokers D. good for the gums。
29. The wrong technique with a hard brush means _______.。
A. the wrong use of brush B. too much pressure。
C. the wrong sort of brush D. the wrong toothbrush。
30. Which of the following is true according to the passage?。
A. A hard brush is all right if you use it firmly.。
B. A medium brush is recommended as the bristles last longer.。
C. A soft brush will soon need replacing.。
D. A brush that is a mixture of medium and soft bristles is recommended.。
III．用国际音标标出下列单词中划线字母或字母组合的读音，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。(本大题共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分)(注意：考生使用新式或老式音标均可)。
31.semester 32.unpleasant。
33.enormous 34.nonsense。
35.ambulance 36.astonishment。
37.argument 38.enthusiasm。
39.circumstance 40.nonetheless。
41.appearance 42.physically。
43.loyalty 44.oxygen。
45.obtainable 46.something。
47.protein 48.organize。
49.survival 50.school。
IV．完形填空(将正确答案填在答题纸相应的位置上)(本大题共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分)。
A．从下列单词中选择适当的词填空，每个词只能用一次。
That until first could。
which would standing when。
in where showing acted。
We blacks couldn’t take advantage of things we saw other people doing. If we were in a store。
51 and some white people came in, the sales people would stop waiting on us. We 52 have to wait, and we could not interrupt. I remember something 53 happened once in either Loveman’s or Pitzitz, 54 they have drawers with hats. This salesperson was 55 some white people hats. Another white lady began to open the drawers and look at the hats. A black lady 56 there thought that while she was waiting she 57 do the same thing. So she opened the drawers. The saleslady 58 like the woman had committed a crime. She told her, “You don’t go in those drawers. You wait 59 I get to you!” That stayed with me a long time. I was about ten or eleven 60 that happened, and I could not understand it.。
B．根据课文的内容在每个空白处填入一个恰当的词。
I was now five, and still I showed no real sign of intelligence. I showed no apparent interest in things 61 for my toes-more especially those on my left foot. I 62 to lie on my back all the time in the kitchen or, 63 bright warm days, out in the garden, surrounded 64 a family that loved me and hoped for me and 65 made me part of it. I was lonely, imprisoned in a world of my 66 , unable to communicate with others, cut 67 , separated from them as though a glass wall stood 68 my existence and theirs. I longed to run 69 and play with the rest, but I was unable to break 70 from my imprisonment.。
V．根据所学课文内容完成下列句子，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)。
71. The day before the art exhibition, Henry managed to get in and ________.。
72. Mr. Budd was afraid after the Evening Messenger printed the full story of his great idea because ________.。
73. According to the author of Happiness, many successful people feel miserable because they know they are contributing very little of real value and ________.。
74. In Freedom in Dying, Jim stated his desire to have his ashes scattered over the sea, which reflected his love of ________.。
75. Tracy’s liver was transplanted into the author’s husband, David, who ________.。
76. Samuel H. Scudder was disappointed when his professor asked him to look at the fish because ________.。
77. Bob Sugg made a living by ________.。
78. After he finished his work in the restaurant, Sidney Poitier would ________.。
79. In the United States, a person would be regarded as out of his mind if ________.。
80. The author in The Outside Chance was able to win the bet on the horse races because ________.。
VI．将下列句子译成英语，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)。
81.据说新的方案下周公布。
82.杰克终于来了，但还是迟到了5分钟。
83.我知道那位老人把大部分钱捐给了穷人。
84.无论他怎么努力，他也做不出这道题的答案。
85.汤姆睡觉前把玩具收拾好了。
86.我在车站闲逛了一个小时，我的朋友还是没来。
87.一般而言，年轻人容易接受新思想。
88.我们必须采取行动有效处理空气污染问题。
89.市政府承诺改进交通系统。
90.遭受洪水袭击地区的人民急需食品和水。