kazakh

Kazakh是什么意思

在金帐汗国时期 蒙古语里（哈萨克）意思是逃难者 脱离者 自由者的意思，在古代突厥语里描述刀刃的锋利，在哈萨克语里是白天鹅的意思 比如；白（阿合）天鹅（哈孜）加起来就是（哈孜阿合）《哈萨克》

霍尔果斯 用英语怎么说

Kazakh 英式发音：【kə'zæk】美式发音：【kə'zæk】n.哈萨克人（族）；哈萨克斯坦。

双语对照：1、Kazakh culture is largely influenced by nomadic lifestyle and islam.哈萨克斯坦的文化在很大程度上受到游牧民族生活方式和伊斯兰文化的影响。

“哈萨克”的汉语意思是什么？

Khorgas (simplified Chinese: 霍尔果斯; traditional Chinese: 霍尔果斯; pinyin: Huòěrguǒsī), also known as Khorgos, Chorgos, Gorgos and Huocheng, is a Chinese town near the border with Kazakhstan. It is located in Huocheng County in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The town on the Kazakh side of the border is also known as Khorgos霍尔果斯Khorgas，属新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁哈萨克自治州霍城县管辖，霍尔果斯历史上就是商道通衢，著名的丝绸之路北新道就是通过该口岸进入中亚的，它是新疆历史上过货量最大,享有盛誉的口岸。霍尔果斯已成为新疆繁华的边贸重镇和伊犁重要的旅游热点地区之一。

巴尔喀什湖英文介绍

哈萨克：也可解释为“白色”。还有哈萨克族（哈萨克语：Қазақ / Qazaq / قازاق）是哈萨克斯坦的主要民族和中国的少数民族，人口1600万。在中国主要分布于新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁哈萨克自治州、木垒哈萨克自治县、巴里坤哈萨克自治县、甘肃省阿克塞哈萨克族自治县，人口125万（2000年）。使用哈萨克语，本民族的文字是以阿拉伯字母为基础的哈萨克语，1959年设计了拉丁字母为基础的新文字方案，1982年这一方案废为音标，并恢复原先的阿拉伯字母。在哈萨克斯坦，使用以西里尔字母为基础的文字，2010年，文字拉丁化也慢慢展开。

翻译下哈萨克族英语怎么说??

Lake Balkhash is one of the largest lakes in Asia and 15th largest lake in the world. It is located in southeastern Kazakhstan, in Central Asia, and belongs to an endorheic (closed) basin shared by Kazakhstan and China, with a small part in Kyrgyzstan. The basin drains into the lake via seven rivers. The major one is the Ili River, which brings the majority of the riparian inflow; others, such as the Karatal, provide both surface and subsurface flow. The Ili is fed from precipitation (largely vernal snowmelt) from the mountains of China's Xinjiang region.。

The lake currently covers 16,400 km2 (6,300 sq mi), but, like the Aral Sea, it is shrinking because of the diversion of water from the rivers that feed it. The lake is divided by a strait into two distinct parts. The western part is fresh water, while the eastern half is saline. The eastern part is on average 1.7 times deeper than the western part. The largest city in the lake area is also named Balkhash and has about 66,000 inhabitants. Major industrial activities in the area are mining, ore processing and fishing.。

While the size of the lake is temporarily growing, there is concern about the lake's shallowing due to desertification and industrial activity.。

History and naming。

The present name of the lake originates from the word "balkas" of Tatar, Kazakh and Southern Altai languages which means "tussocks in a swamp".。

From as early as 103 BC up until the 8th century, the Balkhash polity was known to the Chinese as "Pu-Ku/Bu-Ku". From the 8th century on, the land to the south of the lake, between it and the Tian Shan mountains, was known in Turkic as Jetisu "Seven Rivers" (Semirechye in Russian). It was a land where the nomadic Turks and Mongols of the steppe mingled cultures with the settled peoples of Central Asia.。

During China's Qing dynasty (1644–1911), the lake formed the northwestern-most boundary of the Empire. In 1864, the lake and its neighboring area were ceded to Imperial Russia under the Protocol of Chuguchak. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the lake became part of Kazakhstan.。

The origin of the lake。

Balkhash lies in the deepest part of the vast Balkhash-Alakol depression, which was formed by a sloping trough between mountains of the Alpine orogeny and the older Kazakhstan Block during the Neogene and Quaternary. Rapid erosion of the Tian Shan has meant the depression subsequently filled with sand river sediments in what is geologically a very short time span. The basin is a part of Dzungarian Alatau, which also contains lakes Sasykkol, Alakol and Aibi. These lakes are remnants of an ancient sea which once covered the entire Balkhash-Alakol depression, but was not connected with the Aral–Caspian Depression.。

Environmental and political issues。

There are serious concerns about the ecology of the lake, especially in the view of repeating the environmental disaster at the Aral Sea. Since 1970, the 39 km3 outflow of water to fill the Kapchagay Reservoir resulted in a 2/3 decrease in the supply to the lake from Ili River. The concomitant decrease in the level of the lake was approximately 15.6 cm/year, much larger than the natural decline in 1908–1946 (9.2 cm/year). The shallowing of Balkhash is especially evident in its western part. From 1972 till 2001, a small salt lake Alakol, located 8 km south of Balkhash, had practically disappeared and the southern part of the lake lost about 150 km2 of water surface. Of the 16 existing lake systems around the lake only five remain. The desertification process involved about 1/3 of the basin. Salt dust is blown away from the dried areas, contributing to the generation of Asian dust storms, increase the soil salinity and adversely influencing the climate. Increasing formation of silt in the river's delta further reduces the inflow of water to the lake.。

Another factor affecting the ecology of the Ili-Balkhash basin is emissions due to mining and metallurgical processes, mostly at the Balkhash Mining and Metallurgy Plant operated by Kazakhmys. In the early 1990s, emission level was 280–320 thousand tonnes per year, depositing 76 tonnes of copper, 68 tonnes of zinc and 66 tonnes of lead on the surface of the lake. Since then, emission almost doubled. Contaminants are also brought from the dump sites by the dust storms.。

In 2000, a major conference "Balkhash 2000" brought together environmental scientists from different countries, as well as representatives of business and government. The conference adopted a resolution and appeal to the Government of Kazakhstan and international organizations, suggesting new ways of managing the ecosystems of Alakol and Balkhash basins. At the 2005 International Environmental Forum devoted to Lake Balkhash, Kazakhmys announced that by 2006 it will restructure its processes, thereby reducing emissions by 80–90%.。

Contamination of Balkhash originates not only locally, but is also brought by inflow of polluted water from China. China also consumes 14.5 km3 of water per year from Ili River, with a planned increase by 3.6 times. The current rate of the increase is 0.5–4 km3/year. In 2007, Kazakhstan Government proposed a price reduction for sales of Kazakh products to China in exchange for reduction of water consumption from Ili River, but the offer was declined by China.。

原文地址：http://www.qianchusai.com/kazakh.html